Politics
Parliament Delays Justice Minister Appointment as Quorum Fails
Published: 2026-09-18
Parliament postponed its plenary sitting scheduled to consider G. Temuulen’s appointment as justice and home affairs minister after only 52 of 126 members registered, or 41.3%, below the required quorum. Speaker S. Byambatsogt moved the Thursday and Friday sittings to Monday, September 21, and Tuesday. Of the MPP’s 68 members, 44 registered; 14 named MPP members were absent, while 41 of the DP’s 42 members did not participate. MPP parliamentary group leader J. Batjargal said 13 party members had no stated reason for absence and that members on domestic and foreign trips were being asked to return by Sunday. The delayed agenda includes the 2026 budget amendment, the 2027 budget and funding needs for pensions, public-sector pay, winter preparedness and energy imports.
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Permit Rules Separated From Tax and Social-Insurance Arrears
Published: 2026-09-18
Individuals and businesses can now obtain or renew permits even if they have outstanding tax liabilities or social-insurance contributions. Amendments to the Law on Permits and Notifications took effect on August 31, 2026, separating permit issuance and renewal from the assessment of tax and social-insurance arrears. Previously, an absence of tax debt was linked to permit renewal requirements. The new rule does not cancel or defer payment obligations: debtors must still settle amounts owed under applicable legislation. Instead, authorities may no longer refuse a new permit or renewal solely because an applicant has arrears. The change establishes a separate legal process for licensing decisions and the collection of tax and social-insurance debt.
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L. Jambaa Appointed Chair of the Energy Regulatory Commission
Published: 2026-09-18
Prime Minister N. Uchral appointed L. Jambaa as chair of the Energy Regulatory Commission for a two-year term under Article 8.3 of the Energy Law. The order also appointed B. Amarsanaa as a full-time regulator and B. Yeren-Ulzii as a non-full-time regulator, each for two years. The appointments followed the end of the terms of chair E. Tuvshinchuluun and regulator L. Dashmyagmarjav. One source also reported that the term of non-full-time regulator B. Enkhjargal had ended. The Energy Regulatory Commission said the leadership appointments were made through a prime-ministerial order. The reports identified L. Jambaa as the new chair, with B. Amarsanaa and B. Yeren-Ulzii taking the specified regulator posts.
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Parliamentary Working Group Set to Review 2026 Budget Amendments
Published: 2026-09-18
A parliamentary working group established under a 2026 order of the Speaker of Parliament was scheduled to meet on September 18 to prepare proposed budget amendments for discussion. Its agenda included amendments to the 2026 budget framework statement and the 2027-2028 budget projections law, as well as proposed changes to the 2026 state budget. The group was also due to consider amendments to the 2026 budgets of the National Wealth Fund, the Social Insurance Fund, and the Health Insurance Fund. Associated draft laws and resolutions submitted with those measures were included in the planned review. The meeting was a preparatory step rather than a final legislative decision. The proposals concern the central government’s fiscal planning and the financial frameworks for national wealth, social insurance, and health insurance funds.
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Parliament Advances Procurement Bill to Support Local Suppliers and SMEs
Published: 2026-09-18
A revised public-procurement bill introduced by MP P. Sainzorig and 27 other lawmakers has cleared a parliamentary standing committee, setting up further debate on rules for buying goods, works and services with state and local-government funds. The proposal aims to favor domestic producers and small and medium-sized enterprises, including local food suppliers for schools outside Ulaanbaatar. It would also allow approved Mongolian products to compete only with other domestic products in designated purchases. Lawmakers cite high failure rates and disputes in tenders: the Finance Ministry received 2,284 complaints from 1,266 participants in 2025, and found 77.6 percent of resolved complaints justified. The bill proposes quality-and-price assessments and an independent body to resolve procurement disputes.
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Parliament Schedules Hearing on Farm-Sector Subsidies and Loan Support
Published: 2026-09-18
Parliament’s Standing Committee on Environment, Food and Agriculture will hold a general oversight hearing at the State Palace on September 28 and 29, 2026, reviewing state support for food, agriculture and light industry since 2008. The hearing will examine incentives, subsidies and government-paid interest support on loans across the sectors. Citizens, legal entities and media representatives may register by 5 p.m. on September 21 through [email protected] or an online form. Written comments, explanations and information may be submitted by September 23 to Parliament’s Inspection Department. Attendance will be limited by venue capacity, and applicants must state which hearing date they wish to attend. Participants must present an identity card or E-Mongolia digital ID to enter the State Palace.
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DP Seeks Parliamentary Hearing on State-Owned Company Spending
Published: 2026-09-18
Democratic Party lawmakers have begun collecting signatures to establish a temporary parliamentary committee to examine the budgets and spending of state-owned companies over the past 10 years. MP O. Shijir, MP Dav. Tsogtbaatar and party secretary G. Lkhagvadorj presented the initiative on September 17, criticizing political appointments and financing for political activity and social projects. They cited a 2025 audit that identified discrepancies worth MNT 8.5 trillion. The lawmakers said executives at state-owned companies receive very high salaries, noting that the State Bank director’s salary over the past five years ranged from MNT 427 million to MNT 493 million. The party is seeking the committee and argues that Parliament should hold an oversight hearing on the matter.
“State-owned companies have developed a distorted system of political appointments.” - Democratic Party representatives (unuudur.mn)
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Economy
Oyu Tolgoi Shareholders Agree to Lower Loan Interest and Advance Dividends
Published: 2026-09-18
Oyu Tolgoi shareholders—the government and Rio Tinto—have completed nearly two years of negotiations and agreed in principle to amend their Shareholders’ Agreement. The announced terms would cut shareholder-loan interest from SOFR plus 6.5% to SOFR plus 4%, halve management fees and bring forward dividend distribution to 2027. The amendments still require final drafting, signatures and discussions with lenders, so neither the dividend amount nor financing changes are settled. Oyu Tolgoi CEO S. Munkhsukh reported that the mine produced 276,000 tonnes of copper and 339,000 ounces of gold in the first eight months of 2026, with $5.5 billion in revenue and $899 million in taxes and fees paid to the state budget. Erdenes Oyu Tolgoi CEO B. Telmuun said the government had included MNT 3 trillion in its draft budget as its proposed dividend target.
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Government Seeks Parliamentary Approval for Entrée Mining Deal
Published: 2026-09-18
The Mongolian government is negotiating with Rio Tinto and Entrée Resources over the use of Entrée license areas adjoining the Oyu Tolgoi mine, Erdenes Oyu Tolgoi CEO B. Telmuun said. Parts of the ore body lie more than one kilometer underground within Entrée’s licensed area, while Oyu Tolgoi is mining the connected deposit. Telmuun said extracting the deposit from another direction would not be economically or technically feasible. Oyu Tolgoi has proposed transferring Entrée’s licenses for its use, but the government says this would require an investment agreement and parliamentary approval. A working group led by Minister G. Damdinyam is handling talks with Entrée representatives. Separately, negotiations have agreed to cut shareholder-loan interest by 40 percent and management costs by 50 percent, with dividends expected from 2027.
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2027 Budget Would Expand to MNT 43.6 Trillion, Led by Recurring Spending
Published: 2026-09-18
Mongolia’s proposed 2027 consolidated budget would raise total expenditure to MNT 43.6 trillion, MNT 9.6 trillion above the amended 2026 budget, according to the Fiscal Stability Council. Current expenditure accounts for 78.4% of the increase, while investment accounts for 21.6%. Planned spending includes MNT 9.19 trillion on wages and salaries and MNT 10.3 trillion on investment. Non-tax revenue is projected at MNT 8.28 trillion, up MNT 5.41 trillion from the previous year. Planned dividends include MNT 3.54 trillion from state-owned companies and MNT 2 trillion from the Oyu Tolgoi project. The council projects a MNT 1.47 trillion social-insurance-fund deficit and government debt at 49.6% of GDP, with debt-service costs reaching MNT 5.2 trillion.
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Central Bank Keeps Policy Rate at 12.5% as Budget Plans Could Lift Inflation
Published: 2026-09-18
The Bank of Mongolia kept its policy rate at 12.5%, citing an economy in which 7.7% growth has been driven mainly by mining and transport while other sectors remain weak. Governor S. Narantsogt said trade has declined for consecutive quarters, limiting room for a further rate increase. The central bank estimates that the 2026 budget amendment could affect inflation by 0.7% by year-end and 1.9% next year. If the budget is approved in its current form, its estimated effect on inflation is 1–2.9%. From October 1, banks must hold reserves equal to 25% of foreign bonds raised for terms of one to three years, a measure intended to reduce short-term funding risk. Annual consumer-loan growth has slowed to 4.6% from 17–18% in previous years.
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Copper Trades at USD 14,491 a Tonne as Chile Output Is Set to Fall
Published: 2026-09-18
Copper traded at USD 14,491 per tonne after prices rose amid indications of increased Chinese purchases. Chile, the world’s leading copper supplier, expects its production to decline by an average of 7% this year, according to the country’s finance minister, a steeper fall than the government’s official production forecast. Output is expected to recover partly in 2027. Chilean copper exports fell to USD 4.62 billion in August, their lowest level since July 2025, after severe storms and mine disruptions. On Thursday, the London Metal Exchange copper price rose 1.8%. Chinese importers have also recently paid sharply higher premiums over copper futures prices to secure cargoes at Shanghai’s Yangshan port, signalling stronger demand in the country’s spot market.
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New Green Finance Program Opens Lending Path for Households and Businesses
Published: 2026-09-18
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Green Climate Fund have launched the Greening Financial Systems program in Mongolia to finance resource-efficient and climate-resilient investments by households and businesses. The EBRD decided earlier this year to provide Khan Bank with USD 80 million, part of USD 170 million in planned financing, while other financial institutions are expected to join. The five-year program has a total package of USD 250 million and will support efficient buildings, equipment upgrades, renewable energy, water management and sustainable land use. At least 20 percent of financing will be allocated to women entrepreneurs and about 30 percent to rural businesses. It follows the Green Economy Financing Facility Mongolia, which has supported more than 330 projects since 2018.
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Diplomacy
Three Railways Agree Steps to Streamline Border Operations
Published: 2026-09-18
Railway representatives from Mongolia, Russia and China concluded meetings in Irkutsk on September 15-18, signing a protocol covering border rail operations and joint commissions. Ulaanbaatar Railway head Kh. Kherlen signed for Mongolia, alongside Zhuang He of the Hohhot Railway Company and V. F. Frolov of the East Siberian Railway. The parties agreed to advance reciprocal freight and commercial agents at Naushki, Sukhbaatar, Zamiin-Uud and Erlian; speed train-exchange procedures; improve cargo documentation; and digitize cross-border freight documents and information exchange. They also discussed moving the semi-automatic block system between Khoit and Dozorny to fiber optic cable and grouping non-container trains from Erlian by cargo name and type. The protocol takes effect January 1, 2027; the next meeting is planned for Hohhot.
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Russian Court Extends Detention of Dornod Herder
Published: 2026-09-18
A district court in Russia’s Chita province has ordered the continued detention of a herder from Bayan-Uul soum, Dornod province, for two more months, according to sources cited by Unuudur. Ts. G has been detained for more than seven months after Russian law-enforcement officers stopped him as he was returning to Mongolia through the Ulkhan border crossing in early February. He had traveled to Russia with his wife to prepare for Tsagaan Sar. The court reportedly found that detention was necessary because the investigation had not been completed. Mongolia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its consulate in Ulan-Ude have contacted Russian prosecutors and investigators, who have provided no details beyond saying he is under investigation on espionage allegations. He had also visited Russia in November 2025.
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Infrastructure
Nisekh Road Closure Alters Four Bus Routes Until September 22
Published: 2026-09-18
Road traffic in the Nisekh area of Khan-Uul District’s 10th khoroo will be closed from 10 p.m. on September 18 until 6 a.m. on September 22 for flood-protection construction. The municipal Geodesy and Water Structures Agency is cutting into the carriageway at the end of a flood embankment to build an under-road outlet. The Public Transport Policy Office has temporarily altered the routes of Ch:67, H:9, H:7 and Ch:7 during the closure. The affected services connect Moringiin Davaa and Nisekh; Biocombinat and Yarmag’s third stop; Tuul settlement, Biocombinat and Khangardi complex; and Nisekh, the Mongolian National University of Education and Bombogor Shopping Center. Authorities advised passengers to check the temporary routing before travel.
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Ulaanbaatar Approves 538-Measure Development Plan for 2027
Published: 2026-09-18
Ulaanbaatar’s Citizens’ Representatives Khural approved the city’s 2027 development plan on September 18, setting out 538 projects and measures across eight policy areas. The plan targets reduced air pollution and traffic congestion through a 20-minute-city approach, expanded public transport, pedestrian and cycling routes, and phased upgrades to social and engineering infrastructure. It calls for 43 new schools and 23 kindergartens, projected to reduce school and kindergarten overcrowding by 4.7 percent and 3.1 percent respectively. Health measures include raising early-screening coverage by 10 percent to reach an additional 180,000 people. The council also backed proposals for electricity supply in Bagakhangai’s new residential area, a 200-child kindergarten, an updated district master plan, and designs and phased implementation planning for 45 kilometers of roads. The plan includes further conversion of households and schools to gas heating.
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Waste-to-Energy Plant Tender Stalls After No Compliant Bids
Published: 2026-09-18
Ulaanbaatar’s planned waste-to-energy plant at the Moringiin Davaa landfill has stalled after no bidder submitted a proposal meeting tender requirements by the July 29 deadline. The city issued the tender for a project planned for construction from 2025 to 2028, but cannot advance to the next procurement stage until a working group makes a decision. The feasibility study places the project cost at USD 199.3 million and identifies a 10-hectare site in Khoroo 12 of Khan-Uul District, where land issues have been resolved. If built, the plant is designed to process 1,500 tonnes of household and industrial waste a day, produce 35 MW of power and replace open dumping and burial at three sites near the capital. It would be paired with a waste-sorting facility.
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Solongo 1 and 2 Rent-to-Own Homes Set at MNT 4.428 Million per Square Meter
Published: 2026-09-18
Online selection for the Solongo 1 and Solongo 2 rent-to-own housing projects will begin October 10 and run for 14 days. Minister E. Bat-Amgalan said the projects are the first housing initiative delivered through state-private cooperation and concessional loans. The contracted sale price is MNT 4.428 million per square meter, compared with about MNT 4.7 million per square meter for central Ulaanbaatar housing, according to studies cited by the minister. The down payment will be reduced from 30 percent to 15 percent for nine target-group categories. Depending on zoning, the mortgage interest rate is planned at six percent. Applicants with equal eligibility will be ranked through a 100-point online system intended to reduce human influence.
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Society
Authorities Deport 94 Foreign Nationals and Impose Re-entry Bans
Published: 2026-09-18
The Immigration Agency conducted 30 compliance inspections in August, including three planned and 27 unplanned checks, covering 2,299 foreign nationals at 145 businesses and organizations. The agency reported that 2,994 foreign nationals were fined under the Law on Violations. Common breaches involved sponsors failing to secure or renew residence permits on time, and failures to register with the relevant authority within statutory deadlines. Authorities also deported 94 foreign nationals from 12 countries and set periods during which they cannot re-enter the country. The reported grounds included unauthorized employment, remaining after a residence permit expired, overstaying a temporary-entry visa, and repeated visa or registration violations. The agency urged individual and corporate sponsors to check visa and permit validity regularly and arrange extensions or departure before expiration.
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Human Rights Commission Calls for Safeguards on Speech and Online Defamation
Published: 2026-09-18
The National Human Rights Commission said Mongolia needs legal safeguards that protect people from deliberately false online claims without curbing lawful criticism, public oversight or independent journalism. Police recorded 362 complaints and reports alleging reputational harm through false information from November 25, 2025, while 859 such cases had been handled in earlier years. The commission said anonymous and fake online accounts make it difficult to identify perpetrators and restore violated rights. Commissioner B. Enkhbold said senior public officials should be more open to scrutiny and called for rules preventing them from filing complaints against citizens over criticism of their official conduct.
“Legal regulation is needed so that senior public officials do not file complaints against their citizens.” - B. Enkhbold (unuudur.mn)
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Environment
Bear Reports Prompt New Safety Measures Near Residential Areas
Published: 2026-09-18
Authorities recorded about 80 reports of bears entering residential areas across 10 provinces in 2026, with poor crops of nuts and berries cited as a reason bears, including females with cubs, seek food near homes. In Ulaanbaatar, seven reports have been logged since August 11, beginning in Bayangiin Ekh in Sukhbaatar District’s 19th khoroo; two bears were captured and released in Erdene soum, Tuv Province, about 180 km from settled areas. The Environment Ministry ordered 24-hour reporting, rapid-response teams, public alerts and secure handling of food and waste. It also called for camera and drone monitoring. Residents who see a bear in the capital should call 7272-0303 or 1131-0005; officials advise burying animal carcasses and securing food waste.
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Forest Fire Crosses From Russia Into Khuvsgul Province
Published: 2026-09-18
Firefighting operations continue after a forest fire crossed from Russia into Ulaan-Uul soum, Khuvsgul Province, through border marker 320 on September 15 at 19:45. Satellite data had detected the fire on September 8 at 21:29, about 2 km inside Russian territory. The National Emergency Management Agency, Air Search and Rescue Unit 111, the provincial emergency department, border troops, professional units from Bayanzurkh and Ulaan-Uul soums, and local rangers have been deployed; sources report 36 personnel involved. On September 17, a helicopter made four flights between 07:11 and 17:51 to transport professional responders to the fire’s center. Crews remain engaged in efforts to extinguish the fire.
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IUCN Completes Field Assessment for Gobi World Heritage Bid
Published: 2026-09-18
International Union for Conservation of Nature experts completed a field assessment from September 6 to 14 for Mongolia’s proposed UNESCO World Heritage nomination for the Gobi desert. The team visited Zones A and B of the Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area and the Small Gobi Strictly Protected Area, assessing natural features, conservation management and the sites’ potential to meet World Heritage criteria. Environment and Climate Change Ministry State Secretary Sh. Batbayar met the experts to discuss the nomination. The proposed area contains distinctive desert ecosystems and habitat for rare species including the Gobi bear, wild Bactrian camel and khulan. Relevant agencies plan to work together to seek international recognition and strengthen protection of the area.
“The Mongolian Gobi is an exceptional area that has preserved a globally unique desert ecosystem.” - Sh. Batbayar (isee.mn)
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Innovation
Scammers Use Fake Traffic-Fine Messages to Target Bank Details
Published: 2026-09-18
Recent reports warn of fraudulent text messages that impersonate government agencies and claim recipients have unpaid traffic fines. Messages such as “Please pay your fine urgently” direct people to links that imitate official websites and seek internet-banking logins, passwords, card details or one-time verification codes. The technique, known as smishing, uses text links to obtain data. A related phone-based fraud, vishing, involves callers posing as banks, police or other trusted institutions, who pressure targets to transfer money or disclose personal information. Recipients should not use links sent by text to check fines or payments. Instead, they should independently open the relevant agency’s official website or app, examine the sender and web address carefully, and verify phone requests through an official contact number.
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Media Ethics Forum Examines Spread of Deepfake Content
Published: 2026-09-18
The Media Council’s Journalism Ethics Forum 2026 focused on artificial intelligence and ethical risks in journalism, bringing together journalists, editors, media managers and researchers. Supported by the European Union, DW Akademie and UNESCO, the forum examined AI’s uncontrolled entry into newsroom practice and related ethical risks, professional standards and publishing-freedom issues. Participants discussed research on synthetic media and deepfake content in Mongolia’s journalism sector, as well as online outlets’ correction practices. The research examined how AI-generated false information circulates in the media environment and assessed how media outlets correct the resulting risks. Based on the findings, a project will be developed to promote responsible and ethical use of AI in journalism.
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Health
Fentanyl Injection Supplies Set to Increase From September 20
Published: 2026-09-18
Health authorities said fentanyl injection supplies will return to normal from September 20 after hospitals reported lower availability of the anesthetic used for procedures involving sedation. Health Minister E. Batshugar said 3,000 ampoules were delivered to hospitals on September 16 and that emergency surgery was continuing on schedule. The drug is produced by one company in Mongolia; importation by other organizations is prohibited, and a problem with the producer’s raw-material order delayed output. Drug and Medical Device Control and Regulatory Authority chief P. Altantsetseg said the agency expects to receive a full month’s supply of 20,000 injections, plus 10,000 additional doses. The shortage began August 20 and is being covered from reserves.
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Health Ministry Recalls Sodium Bicarbonate Injection Batch
Published: 2026-09-18
The Ministry of Health has recalled a batch of Sodium Bicarbonate 4%, 100 ml injectable solution after pharmaceutical laboratory testing found that it did not meet required standards. The affected product was manufactured in Mongolia by Iviko LLC and has batch number 2606257. The ministry warned people not to use the identified injectable solution. Its notice lists the product’s concentration and volume, as well as the manufacturer, country of manufacture, and batch number. The notice did not specify the particular standard the product failed to meet. It also did not provide further details on the recall or distribution of the batch. The warning applies to the Sodium Bicarbonate 4%, 100 ml injectable solution identified by the stated batch number.
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Construction Starts on National Cardiovascular Center
Published: 2026-09-18
Construction has begun on the National Cardiovascular Center at the site of the Third State Central Hospital. The EUR 53.3 million project is funded through a Luxembourg grant, a Mongolian government loan and technical-cooperation support, following 25 years of health-sector cooperation between Mongolia and Luxembourg. The center will provide prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, surgery and rehabilitation, while also serving as a national hub for training, research, innovation and workforce development. It is intended to strengthen cardiovascular services across all 21 provinces and improve referrals for specialist care. Over the past 25 years, cardiovascular mortality fell from 24.4 to 16.7 per 10,000 people, while the number of open-heart surgeries increased 13-fold.
“Over the past 25 years, we have built our foundation of knowledge, skills and technology. From today, we are laying the foundation for the next 25 years of development.” - E. Batshugar (tug.mn)
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Drug and Medical-Device Violations Continue to Rise
Published: 2026-09-18
Violations of laws governing medicines and medical devices have increased for three consecutive years, according to the Office of the Prosecutor General. Authorities recorded 107 cases in 2023, 178 in 2024 and 222 in 2025. Enforcement also intensified last year, when 635 fines were imposed and penalties in 590 cases were collected. By the third quarter of this year, 71 individuals and legal entities had been found in violation nationwide. Common breaches include failing to meet standards for manufacturing, selling, exporting or importing medicines and medical devices, and supplying unregistered drugs, substances or equipment to the market. Other recurring violations include providing inaccurate medicine information, selling prescription-only drugs without prescriptions, doctors issuing prescriptions outside required standards, and failing to report adverse effects discovered during medicine use to relevant authorities.
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Japanese Researcher Takaaki Koma Plans Study of Hepatitis D Causes and Risk Factors
Published: 2026-09-18
Professor Takaaki Koma, a Japanese virologist in the Department of Microbiology, said a SATREPS project will investigate why hepatitis D virus infection is prevalent in Mongolia and identify population-level risk factors. The study’s ethics review and approval are complete, but its start date has not been finalized. Researchers plan to combine blood tests and questionnaires involving an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 people, examining past medical care and behaviors linked to infection risk. The project is expected to run for about three years and also seeks to improve affordable testing for hepatitis B and D. Hepatitis D depends on hepatitis B to replicate, and co-infection can accelerate cirrhosis and liver cancer.
“We aim to identify the answer to why hepatitis D virus infection is so high in Mongolia at the population level.” - Takaaki Koma (itoim.mn)
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Law Opens Brain-Dead Donor Transplants to Children
Published: 2026-09-18
Changes to the Law on Organ, Tissue and Cell Transplantation, adopted by Parliament in May 2026, now allow organs from brain-dead donors to be used for child transplants and permit children to be donors under the applicable rules. Previously, organs from brain-dead donors younger than 21 were not used. B. Altantulga, head of the Health Development Center’s transplant coordination office, said the changes have helped restart brain-dead donor transplants this year after none were performed from July 2024 through the end of 2025. More than 1,200 patients are registered as awaiting donors, and more than 20 on the waiting list died over roughly the past year. Families of consenting donors can receive funeral support from the Health Promotion Fund regardless of social-insurance contributions.
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Report Raises Questions Over MNT 17.9 Billion Novartis Access Drug Program
Published: 2026-09-18
An Unuudur report says Mongolia’s Novartis Access program ended before its planned five-year term, with the Health Insurance General Agency reporting that its contract expired on December 31, 2024 and remaining medicines were distributed through the first half of 2025. The program imported medicines for chronic diseases from 2022 to 2024, providing them free through contracted pharmacies under health-insurance funding. The agency said it spent MNT 11.6 billion on medicines and MNT 6.3 billion on distribution, totaling MNT 17.9 billion. It also said there was an estimate that MNT 27 billion would have been spent without the program, and cited research describing MNT 9 billion in benefit. The report says 10.5 percent of supplied medicines expired and were destroyed, although the value was not disclosed. It also notes conflicting public accounts of the number and origin of medicines covered by the program.
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