Politics
Government Approves 300‑Day Plan, Pledges Up to MNT 1 Million Dividends for 1.8 Million Children, Seniors and People with Disabilities
Published: 2025-12-31
The cabinet approved a 300-day economic acceleration plan that includes distributing up to MNT 1 million in dividends, derived from accumulated profits of the Borteeg and Olon-Ovoot deposits brought into economic circulation. The payout targets 1.8 million people—about 1.3 million children, plus seniors and persons with disabilities—and will be phased. Officials also confirmed across-the-board pension increases of MNT 80,000 from January 1, 2026, lifting the minimum full pension to MNT 769,000, while disability-related benefits rise 20% to MNT 478,000 and other benefits by 8.6%. Broader measures aim to ease inflation (8.2% in Q3), expand food supply, digitize land services, cut border clearance times, and raise public sector salaries for teachers, doctors, and researchers starting 2026. Regulatory reforms will curb state intervention, enhance competition, and channel strategic deposit revenues to a National Wealth Fund.
“We decided to distribute up to MNT 1 million in dividends, in stages, to children, seniors, and people with disabilities by bringing the Borteeg and Olon-Ovoot deposits into economic circulation.” - S. Davaasuren, Vice Minister of Economy and Development (gogo.mn)
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Government Sets 2026 Pension Hike, Raises Social Welfare Benefits and Minimum Pension Floors
Published: 2025-12-31
The Cabinet approved a 2026 package to lift old-age pensions and reset minimum thresholds, allocating MNT 516 billion. All state and military pensions paid as of December 31, 2025 will rise by a flat MNT 80,000 per month, moving the minimum full pension to MNT 769,000 and the proportional (contributory) minimum to MNT 652,400. Officials said the flat raise replaces earlier percentage-based scenarios to avoid widening gaps, pushing the average pension to roughly MNT 930,200. Social welfare payments were also revised from January 1, 2026: disability-related stipends increase to MNT 478,000; other social pensions to MNT 432,000; general caregiving to MNT 330,000; and intensive caregiving for children with severe disabilities to MNT 484,000.
“All pensioners’ benefits will increase by MNT 80,000, with the minimum full pension set at MNT 769,000 and the proportional minimum at MNT 652,400.” - Minister T. Aubakir (eagle.mn)
“Old-age pensions will be raised by MNT 80,000 in 2026, with the minimum set at MNT 769,000.” - Deputy Minister S. Davaasüren (ikon.mn)
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Government Freezes 2026 Increases for Water, Electricity, and Heating Tariffs
Published: 2025-12-31
The Cabinet barred any tariff hikes in 2026 for state-provided services, including water, electricity, and district heating, instructing ministers, agency heads, and governors not to approve increases. The move extends a de facto freeze that followed the Energy Regulatory Commission’s earlier approval to raise heating prices by 85% in 2024—a decision the government paused to avoid fueling inflation through 2025. Current heating tariffs reportedly remain well below cost recovery, creating fiscal pressure on utilities, while electricity rates were restructured in 2023 with tiered household pricing. The decision signals near‑term price stability for urban households and businesses but leaves unresolved subsidy burdens and investment needs in the power and heat sectors. Further Cabinet agenda items include tax law amendments, adjustments to pensions and social benefits, and tourism zone designations, underscoring a broader policy push on economic recovery and social support.
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Parliament Closes Autumn Session after Passing 14 Laws; Spring Agenda and Oversight Calendar Approved
Published: 2025-12-31
The State Great Khural closed its 75-day autumn session on December 31 after approving 14 laws and 37 resolutions, endorsing a 44-item oversight calendar and a spring agenda naming 26 priority bills. Lawmakers declined to fast-track a tax reform package, instead sending it to the Budget Standing Committee. Speaker N. Uchral framed the session as the start of a regulatory streamlining drive and flagged forthcoming business-law reforms, including insolvency and state-owned enterprise governance. Measures passed include support for strategic product stockpiles and revisions to index-based livestock insurance. The spring session, opening March 15, will consider an Economic Freedom bill and licensing reform under the “Let’s Liberate” initiative, alongside continued scrutiny of major mining agreements such as Oyu Tolgoi.
“Parliament’s laws and policies must be implemented in real life, not remain on paper.” - N. Uchral, Speaker of Parliament (montsame.mn)
“Pushing bills without proper presentation shows a lack of respect for Parliament.” - H. Temuujin, MP (montsame.mn)
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Parliament Accepts Constitutional Court Ruling on Criminal Defamation and Orders Legal Overhaul; Inflation Mandate Issued to Cabinet, Central Bank and FRC
Published: 2025-12-31
Parliament approved the Constitutional Court’s Decision No.10 finding Criminal Code Article 13.14 (criminal defamation for disseminating false information) incompatible with constitutional guarantees of free expression and access to information. Lawmakers will form a cross-party task force to draft amendments aligning the Criminal Code with the ruling. Debate highlighted concerns over vague definitions enabling overreach and chilling effects on scrutiny of officials. Speaker Uchral urged tighter legal clarity to protect speech while safeguarding reputation and security.
“Freedom of expression cannot be crudely infringed under the pretext of protecting reputation; we must legislate to better secure rights in line with the Court’s interpretation.” - Speaker N. Uchral (urug.mn)
Separately, Parliament passed a resolution directing the Government, the Bank of Mongolia and the Financial Regulatory Commission to curb inflation, strengthen fiscal discipline, and protect household incomes, targeting at least 6% growth, inflation within target bounds, and poverty reduction to 15%.
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Government Submits Tax Overhaul to Parliament; Fast-Track Rejected, Standard Review to Proceed
Published: 2025-12-31
The Cabinet presented a package of tax amendment bills to Parliament, projecting a phased MNT 2.7 trillion reduction in tax burdens—MNT 2 trillion for households via VAT and personal income tax changes, and about MNT 700 billion for businesses. Proposals include fully refunding tax on the first MNT 500,000 of monthly income, expanding the 1% turnover tax threshold from MNT 1.5 billion to MNT 2.5 billion, lowering the 25% corporate tax bracket threshold by shifting it upward to MNT 10 billion, and taxing profits of MNT 6–10 billion at 15%. VAT input credits would be broadened, explicitly allowing raw material e-receipts. Enforcement would shift toward advisory compliance, with options to amend filings within two years and pay within two months; tax garnishment of future revenues would be capped at 80%. Parliament declined to hear the bills under an urgent procedure; the Budget Committee will consider them under normal rules.
“Once enacted, the tax package will cut the burden on citizens and companies by MNT 2.7 trillion… Small and medium enterprises will face an average 5% tax rate, while mining firms will receive no special relief.” - S. Byambatsogt, Cabinet Secretariat Chief (eagle.mn)
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Anti-Corruption Agency Flags 16 Ethics Complaints and Reviews 11 Officials’ Asset Declarations
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) routed 79 submissions from citizens and entities to relevant units during December 22–26, with 57% deemed potentially criminal and largely tied to local administrative bodies. The agency said 16 complaints concerned bureaucratic delays and civil servant ethics, while 81 involved conflicts of interest. IAAC has initiated actions to impose sanctions under anti-corruption law where violations were confirmed. Vetting of 481 pre-appointment conflict-of-interest disclosures resulted in 294 cases reviewed, and targeted checks covered 11 officials’ conflict-of-interest and asset and income declarations. The IAAC also reported anti-corruption training for 446 officials. For businesses and investors, the focus on local governance and declaration screening indicates heightened compliance scrutiny in appointment processes and potential disciplinary measures that could affect administrative decision-making timelines.
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Parliamentarians Propose Temporary Oversight Committee to Audit Social Insurance Fund
Published: 2025-12-31
A cross-party group led by MP E. Bolormaa has submitted a draft resolution to establish a temporary parliamentary oversight committee to scrutinize the operations of Mongolia’s Social Insurance Fund. The proposed body would assess revenue and expenditure management, internal controls, transparency, and efficiency, and determine whether legal provisions and beneficiaries’ rights are being upheld. The committee’s mandate includes a document-based review of fund governance and the use of assets, culminating in recommendations to strengthen financial oversight mechanisms and improve the policy and legal framework, which would be reported to the State Great Khural. If formed, the committee could shape upcoming reforms to pension and social insurance governance, with potential implications for compliance requirements and employer contributions once recommendations are adopted.
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Ruling Party Caucus Reviews 33 Items and Advances 8 Laws During Autumn Session
Published: 2025-12-31
During the 2025 autumn session of Parliament, the Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) caucus met 12 times and reviewed a combined 33 items, including draft laws, parliamentary resolutions, policy papers, and urgent issues. MPP lawmakers introduced 27 draft laws and three draft parliamentary resolutions across the spring and autumn sessions; eight laws have been passed, while 19 laws and two resolutions remain under discussion. The caucus issued 15 chair decisions and 12 meeting resolutions over the autumn period. It also processed public and institutional feedback, sending 151 official letters to address petitions and proposals. The activity underscores the ruling party’s focus on stimulating economic expansion, strengthening the middle class, improving policy coordination, and accelerating the legal framework needed to support these aims.
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Prime Minister Zandanshatar’s New Year Address Pledges Anti-Corruption Drive, Pay Raises, and Market Expansion in 2026
Published: 2025-12-31
Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar used his New Year address to highlight 2025 economic stabilization and outline 2026 priorities focused on transparency, social investment, and industrial growth. He reported GDP growth exceeding 6% by year-end, foreign reserves at a record US$7 billion, and sovereign credit ratings at their highest in 13 years, alongside revived livestock numbers and a tourism high of 800,000 visitors. He said the government cut 2.2 trillion MNT in state spending and disclosed 581 coal contracts while recovering over 160 billion MNT in corruption-related damages. For 2026, he pledged to intensify resource governance reforms, make state-owned company oversight more transparent, and phase in 75% salary increases for education, health, and science workers to 2.8 million MNT. He also signaled tax relief worth 2.6 trillion MNT and expansion into Eurasian markets with copper and steel plant buildouts.
“The coming year must be one of renewed confidence and real reform. We will fairly distribute sovereign wealth fund returns to every citizen and strengthen our fight against coal theft and corruption.” - Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar (isee.mn)
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Economy
Fuel imports raised for January as authorities say supply has stabilized
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources reported that nationwide fuel supply met December targets, with inventories including roughly 78,000 tons of AI-92 gasoline, 4,700–4,800 tons of AI-95, 201,000 tons of diesel, and 11,000 tons of jet fuel, plus about 10,000 tons of gasoline in transit. Officials said 2025 consumption reached 2.9 million tons, up 115,000 tons year over year. January orders from Russia have been increased, including about 136,000 tons of AI-92/AI-95 gasoline—variously characterized by outlets as 10% to around 60% higher than December—and 148,000 tons of diesel, up from 132,000 tons in December. Authorities expect stable supply through January–February following recent easing of demand and improved distribution.
“Fuel orders for January have been placed, including 136,000 tons of AI-92 and AI-95 gasoline from Russia, and 148,000 tons of diesel. Supply will be stable in January and February.” - Deputy Minister B. Enkhtuvshin (news.mn)
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Cabinet Approves 300-Day Economic Plan, Freezes Service Fees for 2026 and Raises Pensions
Published: 2025-12-31
The Cabinet approved a 300-day action plan to accelerate economic recovery, instructing ministries and local administrations not to raise any state service fees in 2026 and advising local councils to refrain from increasing local taxes and charges. The plan targets four pillars: easing inflation pressure on households, expanding business freedom, tightening public sector efficiency and accountability, and bolstering economic resilience through export logistics and strategic industries. Officials highlighted 5.9% GDP growth, 8.2% inflation, a positive balance of payments, and foreign reserves near USD 6 billion. Government decisions include increasing pension benefits in 2026 with MNT 516 billion allocated—setting minimum full and military pensions at MNT 769,000 and proportional pensions at MNT 652,400—and revising social welfare payments within the approved budget. A nationwide audit of state and local assets will proceed, and an International School of Engineering will be established in Khunnu City in partnership with Inner Mongolia University of Technology.
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Finance Ministry to Transfer All Year‑End Bonuses for Civil Servants Today
Published: 2025-12-31
The Ministry of Finance said all year‑end bonuses for civil servants will be transferred by December 31, reversing earlier signals of a delay to 2026 due to budget constraints. Previously, the State Secretariat’s acting secretary at the ministry, M. Bayarmagnai, indicated payouts totaling MNT 200 billion might be postponed to the first quarter of 2026 because of fiscal pressures and a national treasury cutoff initially planned for December 25. Officials now say treasury operations will remain open through December 31 to complete payments. The bonuses are provided under the Civil Service Law, which allows quarterly performance‑based rewards. The Social Insurance Fund has disbursed MNT 161.9 billion to 32,100 beneficiaries this year, with MNT 189.9 billion planned for next year, while authorities review higher‑than‑budgeted unemployment claims, signaling continued strain on social spending.
“Due to fiscal difficulties, we planned to disburse the MNT 200 billion in year‑end pay and bonuses to civil servants within the first quarter of 2026.” - M. Bayarmagnai, acting State Secretary, Ministry of Finance (news.mn)
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Erdenes Tavantolgoi Sets Feb. 6 EGM to Amend Company Charter
Published: 2025-12-31
Erdenes Tavantolgoi JSC (ETT) will hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders on February 6, 2026, at 10:00 in the Corporate Convention Center, Ulaanbaatar, to decide on amendments to the company charter. The record date is January 19, 2026. In line with Government Resolutions No.181 (2012) and No.45 (Jan 31, 2024), shares granted free to citizens and those purchased at par by enterprises remain non‑voting and non‑transferable until secondary market trading begins. Accordingly, only shareholders with voting rights may submit and vote on proposals at this EGM. Meeting materials will be available from January 26, 2026, and inquiries can be directed to ETT via its official channels. The move signals ongoing governance adjustments as the company prepares for potential secondary market participation and related regulatory compliance.
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Tourist Arrivals Rebound Sharply with UN Ranking and 2026 Event Calendar Boosting Momentum
Published: 2025-12-31
UN Tourism’s November World Tourism Barometer places Mongolia among the top 20 countries for tourism recovery in 2025. International arrivals in the first nine months were up 16% year-on-year and 44% above 2019, outpacing regional averages, according to Montsame and Eagle.mn. Authorities attribute gains to the 2023–2028 “Visit Mongolia Years,” eased visa rules, and added flight capacity. As of December 25, Mongolia recorded roughly 846,000–852,000 visitors, about 5% higher than last year; over 38,000–44,000 arrived in December alone. Summer months remained the peak season, with China and Russia the top sources, followed by South Korea. News.mn highlights a consolidated calendar of major events slated for 2026, signaling continued promotion and potential capacity pressures on air links and urban services if growth persists.
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Published: 2025-12-31
Key macro indicators strengthened through 2025. Real GDP growth, which had slowed to 2.6%, is projected to stabilize at 6.1% by year-end. The balance of payments swung from a $742 million deficit to a $141 million surplus by October, while foreign reserves rose to about $6 billion. S&P raised the sovereign rating to “BB-, Stable” from “B+, Positive,” a 13-year high; Moody’s upgraded to “B1, Stable,” and Fitch kept “B+, Stable.” The Future Heritage Fund grew to MNT 4.7 trillion, including MNT 144 billion in interest income. OECD moved the country’s export credit risk one notch to 6/7, potentially lowering borrowing costs. The 2026 budget cuts overall spending while boosting health and education investment, and plans MNT 3.3 trillion in public investment plus MNT 1.6 trillion in external financing for 738 projects, targeting 107,000 new jobs. Tax reform aims to reduce the burden by MNT 2.7 trillion and expand phased VAT refunds from late 2026.
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Deposit Insurance Confirms Coverage Up to MNT 20 Million Per Depositor in Bank Failures
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s Deposit Insurance Corporation (DIC) reiterated that individual and corporate current and savings accounts are insured up to MNT 20 million per depositor if a bank is liquidated, with payouts executed through banks. The DIC fund is financed by member banks’ premiums and investment income, with backstop options via the state budget, Bank of Mongolia, or international partners in extraordinary cases. The fund has grown to fully cover payouts for any non–systemically important bank, according to the DIC. Since legal changes in 2018, the DIC has expanded from a simple payout role to conducting off-site and on-site supervision and aims to evolve into a “risk minimizer” model. Planned reforms from 2026 include risk-based premiums, international technical assistance, and broader investment options to enhance liquidity and safety.
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Prime Minister Claims Sovereign Credit Rating Reaches 13‑Year High, Signaling Renewed Investor Confidence
Published: 2025-12-31
Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar used a New Year address to highlight a reported improvement in Mongolia’s sovereign credit rating, saying it has reached its highest level in 13 years. He framed the upgrade as evidence of strengthening international confidence in the country’s economic trajectory and policy management. While the statement signals the government’s emphasis on macroeconomic stabilization and credibility with global markets, the announcement did not specify which ratings agency or the exact rating level. For investors and lenders, any confirmed upgrade would typically lower borrowing costs and improve access to capital markets, potentially aiding fiscal management and refinancing efforts in 2025. Confirmation from major agencies (S&P, Moody’s, Fitch) will be essential to gauge the magnitude and durability of the shift.
“Our country’s credit rating has reached its highest level in 13 years. Global trust in Mongolia has rebounded sharply.” - Prime Minister G. Zandanshatar (ikon.mn)
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Unemployment Benefits Halted After Funds Exhausted; Rule Changes Planned in New Year
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s unemployment benefits and sick leave payments have not been disbursed since October after the 2024 allocation was depleted, according to Labor and Social Protection Minister T. Aubakir. The 2025 budget earmarks roughly MNT 162 billion for the Unemployment Insurance Fund, but the ministry anticipates shortfalls due to higher-than-expected layoffs and a 9% downsizing in the civil service affecting over 7,000 positions. Authorities also cite rising instances of illegal claims. The government plans to amend regulations and related laws early next year to tighten eligibility and improve fund integrity.
“More people left their jobs than forecast, and with a 9% cut in public servants, over 7,000 were dismissed. Fraudulent claims have also increased, so we must review the unemployment benefit rules and will change regulations and laws after the New Year.” - T. Aubakir, Minister of Labor and Social Protection (itoim.mn)
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Diplomacy
Visa‑Free Entry for South Korean Tourists Extended to End‑2026
Published: 2025-12-31
The Cabinet extended visa‑free entry for citizens of the Republic of Korea visiting for tourism up to 90 days through December 31, 2026. The policy, initially introduced under the “Years to Visit Mongolia” initiative and set to expire at end‑2025, is prolonged by one year. The move aims to sustain post‑pandemic tourism recovery, capitalize on strong air connectivity with Seoul, and support hospitality and retail sectors during peak travel seasons. For Korean travelers, short‑term trips remain frictionless, while tour operators and airlines gain a longer planning horizon for 2026 packages and capacity. The decision does not alter duration of stay or purpose limits; it applies to tourist visits only and maintains the 90‑day cap per entry. Further details on any entry documentation, return tickets, or insurance requirements were not specified in the announcements.
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Diplomatic Ties Upgraded and New Corridors Agreed as Ulaanbaatar Expands 2025 Outreach
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar consolidated a sweeping diplomatic reset in 2025, upgrading relations and hosting first-ever visits while sealing regional connectivity deals. Mongolia established “strategic partnerships” with Türkiye and Italy, and “comprehensive partnerships” with the Czech Republic, Poland, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. High-level traffic included Japan’s Emperor Naruhito’s first state visit to Mongolia and reciprocal trips by leaders of Austria, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Trilateral talks with China and Russia extended the Mongolia-China-Russia Economic Corridor program to 2031 and finalized a project for a gas pipeline traversing Mongolia to China. Sectoral agreements spanned energy, transport logistics, healthcare, defense education, culture, and climate initiatives such as tree planting and anti-desertification programs. Parliament approved ties with Eswatini, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Botswana, completing diplomatic relations with all UN members. The year’s diplomacy emphasized diversified partners and concrete project pipelines across Europe and Asia.
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Putin Signs Law Endorsing Temporary Free-Trade Deal Between EAEU and Mongolia
Published: 2025-12-31
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin has signed the law ratifying a temporary free-trade agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Mongolia, following the Mongolian parliament’s approval on December 12. The pact covers tariff cuts on 367 product lines; Russia’s Economic Development Ministry says it will grant duty preferences to about 90% of bilateral trade and exempt 89% of Russian exports to Mongolia from tariffs, lowering average duties on covered goods in Mongolia from 6% to 0.2%. Moscow estimates Russian businesses could save RUB 8 billion annually. Mongolia expects exports to EAEU members to rise 24.1%, with 97.5% of its eligible items in agriculture and livestock. Academic assessments cited in the report warn Mongolia’s GDP growth could decline by about 6.1%, with overall exports up 3.7% but imports up 4.72%, and potential industry contraction as manufacturing imports surge.
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Deputy Foreign Minister, Chinese Ambassador Discuss Advancing Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
Published: 2025-12-31
Deputy Foreign Minister G. Amartuvshin met Chinese Ambassador Shen Minjuan in Ulaanbaatar to reaffirm that ties with China remain a top priority in Mongolia’s foreign policy. Both sides signaled intent to deepen the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and coordinate on the 2026 bilateral agenda, including planned visits and joint activities. The meeting highlights continuity in Mongolia–China engagement as Ulaanbaatar seeks predictable cooperation on diplomacy and economic ties.
“Relations with China are one of the leading directions of Mongolia’s foreign policy, and I look forward to working closely to expand cooperation.” - G. Amartuvshin, Deputy Foreign Minister (montsame.mn)
“I am pleased to work together again to advance the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between our two countries.” - Shen Minjuan, Chinese Ambassador to Mongolia (montsame.mn)
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Infrastructure
Ulaanbaatar to Launch Ring Road and Tuul Expressway Works in 2026, Prioritizing Housing and Construction Support
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar City Hall says work will begin in 2026 on the Tuul expressway and the First Ring Road, advancing a broader infrastructure agenda to reduce congestion and pollution while stimulating construction. City authorities report 16 megaprojects were initiated this year, alongside 190.8 km of road construction and rehabilitation, 16.3 km of stormwater drainage, and upgrades to 95,000 sq m of sidewalks on main corridors. Mayor Kh. Nyambaatar signaled a policy shift to unlock development sites prepared with land clearance and utilities, paired with sales support for developers.
“In recent years the capital has delivered many projects in roads, bridges, and infrastructure. As a result, road companies now have their own pavers and asphalt plants and operate independently. In the coming years, we will offer planned sites with cleared land and utilities to the construction sector and support housing sales.” - Mayor Kh. Nyambaatar (montsame.mn)
The city also designated 2026 as the “Year to Support Entrepreneurs,” with targeted investment for construction firms, indicating a pro-growth stance that could spur housing supply and related industries.
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Ulaanbaatar’s 14-City Restructuring Lags, With 2026 Launch Unlikely
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar’s plan to subdivide into 14 cities under the Law on the Legal Status of Cities and Towns is far from ready, despite a target to implement by June 2026. Deputy Mayor T. Davaadalai said legal documentation and infrastructure planning are incomplete, with overall preparations at only 5–7%, adding that rollout next June will be difficult. The 14-city concept, rooted in the Ulaanbaatar 2040 master plan and its “20-minute city” model, aims to decentralize services, specialize satellite cities, and streamline administration by consolidating 204 khoroos into 42 units. Projections anticipate population growth to 2.1 million by 2040, 193,000 new jobs, and major upgrades to heat and power capacity, with 30% of electricity from renewables. Urban planner Z. Tuya warned of governance and fiscal risks in the new system and unclear election mechanisms for city leaders.
“Preparation stands at about 5–7%, and implementing the 14-city model by next June will be challenging.” - T. Davaadalai, Deputy Mayor of Ulaanbaatar (news.mn)
“We will lose time stabilizing a brand-new legal environment, while many satellite areas already function economically.” - Z. Tuya, CEO of New Urbanism LLC and urban planner (news.mn)
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Published: 2025-12-31
Ub Cab founder N. Otgonbayar sharply criticized Ulaanbaatar’s plan to support a centralized taxi base and import 2,000 electric vehicles linked to a new “Hotula” payment platform, arguing the city has not presented a credible feasibility study. He says the project envisions up to 4,500 staff and first-lane access for taxis, and alleges the economics only work with higher fares than publicly stated. He also contends driver supply is insufficient and warns state-backed market entry could disadvantage private operators and crowd out local tech firms if “Hotula” becomes a city-funded super-app for mobility and payments.
“This project has no sound calculations; it needs 3,500 MNT per kilometer to be viable, not 1,500 as claimed.” - N. Otgonbayar, founder of Ub Cab (isee.mn)
“With 2,000 taxis, each 4.5 meters long, you create a 10-kilometer queue—and this is supposed to reduce congestion.” - N. Otgonbayar, founder of Ub Cab (isee.mn)
He calls on city leaders to withdraw the plan and focus on setting standards rather than forming a state-favored fleet.
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Ulaanbaatar Opens E-Channel for New Land Requests in Three Outlying Districts
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar’s Land Management Agency clarified that new land possession requests will be accepted online via www.egazar.gov.mn, with decisions typically made within 1–5 days, but only for areas included in annual land-use plans. For 2025 submissions, residents may propose new land possession in Nalaikh, Baganuur, and Bagakhangai districts, which can be incorporated into the city’s land planning if approved. Under Government Resolution No. 92 (2024), authorities collect public proposals for land plans from the start of each year until September 15. Separately, applications to transfer land possession certificates or extend land possession/use terms are processed through the same portal within 15 days in line with law. The 2026 city and district land-use plans will prioritize compensating those affected by land clearance for state and municipal investment projects by allocating equivalent land.
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Society
Internal Troops Leaders Removed after Conscripts’ Assault Video Triggers Inspection
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs removed several senior Internal Troops officers after a viral video showed conscripts assaulting a fellow serviceman at the 5th unit on December 23. Following a task force review ordered by the Prime Minister, the ministry dismissed Internal Troops Chief of Staff Brig. Gen. R. Chingis, the 5th Unit’s commander D. Manlaibaatar, and the unit’s first deputy and chief of staff D. Otgonbaatar for failures in command oversight. The task force, established under Order A/176, inspected compliance with laws and military regulations across Internal Troops units. Acting leadership shifts were initiated, with Col. J. Munkhsolongo appointed interim head until a new chief is named.
“Based on the task force’s conclusions, we have relieved the Internal Troops Chief of Staff R. Chingis, the 5th Unit’s commander D. Manlaibaatar, and the unit’s first deputy and chief of staff D. Otgonbaatar from their duties.” - Deputy Minister of Justice and Home Affairs D. Munkh-Erdene (isee.mn)
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Ulaanbaatar Offers Free Post-Show Bus Service on 18 Routes for New Year Event
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar’s city administration will provide free, high-capacity buses on 18 routes after the “Ulaanbaatarin Möngön Shönö-2025” New Year show at Sükhbaatar Square on December 31. Services will depart from three designated pickup points on the square—labeled A (west), B (east), and C (south)—and run to residential areas. The move aims to manage large crowds and ease late-night transport constraints as the capital hosts a major public celebration at the central square. While specific timetables and route endpoints were not published in the articles, the arrangement signals coordinated crowd dispersal planning and cost-free late-night transit at year-end, which may reduce traffic congestion and reliance on taxis during peak holiday hours. No official was quoted by name announcing the decision in the cited reports.
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Human Rights Commission Flags Pension Adequacy, Due Process Concerns and Calls for Meaningful Public Participation
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) reports rising rights-related complaints, led by fair-trial issues such as inadequate legal counsel, alleged coercion during proceedings, and bias. Chair D. Sunjid said the commission received 1,449 complaints this year, conducted about 10 studies, and submitted roughly 200 legal amendment proposals across 44 laws, while training about 20,000 civil servants. She highlighted persistent violations in closed institutions—prisons, military units, and care facilities—necessitating continuous third‑party oversight and stricter discipline. Pension adequacy emerged as a critical rights issue: an expert review found roughly 300,000 of 440,000 retirees receive the minimum pension, below a basic living threshold even after inflation and wage growth. NHRC also urges safeguarding free expression in the digital sphere and reducing political-economic pressure on media, and criticized rapid policy decisions—such as vehicle plate restrictions—made without genuine public input, as required by administrative law.
“Pensions falling short of a basic living standard constitute a human rights concern. Everyone must be able to secure housing, utilities, and food.” - D. Sunjid, Chair, National Human Rights Commission (news.mn)
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Prosecutors Seek Indictments in Theft and Slaughter of 18 Trained Horse-Archery Mounts
Published: 2025-12-31
Police have completed an investigation into the June 7 theft and slaughter of 18 specially trained horse-archery horses from Ulaanbaatar’s Khan-Uul District, referring the case to prosecutors with a recommendation to indict five suspects aged 18–29. Authorities allege the group repeatedly stole livestock for livelihood and acted in concert, removing GPS trackers from the horses before taking them to a slaughterhouse. The case is proceeding under Criminal Code Article 17.12, which covers organized theft of multiple head of livestock. The incident drew national attention due to the animals’ cultural and sporting value, with some reportedly ridden by members of the horse-archery community. Founder of the National Horse Archery Association B. Boldbaatar expressed deep regret over the involvement of former trainees and the loss of a medal-winning mount.
“Seeing our trusted mounts lying dead left me speechless. I’m deeply saddened that some of our association’s trainees were involved in this crime.” - B. Boldbaatar, founder of the National Horse Archery Association (isee.mn)
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Emergency Agency Warns Against Unlicensed Fireworks and Improper Holiday Decorations
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s National Emergency Management Agency issued a holiday safety advisory urging the public and businesses not to buy fireworks, sparklers, or other pyrotechnics from informal sellers and to follow manufacturer instructions when purchasing from authorized vendors. The guidance follows past incidents, including 11 injuries from pyrotechnics reported in 2010–2011. Authorities recommend using 12-volt lighting for Christmas trees, ensuring proper electrical connections, keeping sparklers away from flammable materials, and disposing of spent items safely. The notice also warns against using fountain lights, explosives, or dynamite in residences or near holiday displays. Companies and institutions are advised to assemble and operate Christmas trees according to regulations and enhance security vigilance to prevent accidents. The advisory underscores increased seasonal risks as year-end celebrations intensify.
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Govi-Altai Emergency Service Moves to Heightened Readiness for New Year Period
Published: 2025-12-31
Govi-Altai province’s emergency services have been placed on heightened operational readiness for the New Year holiday period following orders from the National Emergency Management Agency (Order A/519 dated Dec 25, 2025) and the provincial Emergency Department (Order A/100 dated Dec 30). The department’s chief, Colonel Ts. Luvsanjamts, inspected preparedness and directed on-duty staff to maintain strict discipline and ethics while ensuring rapid response capacity. The move indicates authorities’ focus on risk prevention—particularly fires, traffic incidents, and winter weather hazards—when public gatherings and travel increase. While no specific threats were reported, the elevated posture typically enables faster mobilization, extended staffing, and tighter coordination with police, health services, and utilities. The period spans year-end celebrations when emergency call volumes often rise, and officials emphasized vigilance to protect public safety.
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Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia’s 2025 was marked by political upheaval and historic sporting breakthroughs. Former president Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat died at 83, prompting a nationwide day of mourning on January 24–25. Public protests led by Gen Z over alleged luxury spending linked to Prime Minister L. Oyun-Erdene’s son culminated in the prime minister’s resignation after 21 days, ending the longest continuous premiership since 1992 (4 years, 127 days) and triggering a cabinet exit. Parliament appointed G. Zandanshatar as the 34th prime minister, while party infighting ended with N. Uchral elected as MPP chair. Internationally, The MongolZ placed second at the CS2 Major in Austin, and Mongolia’s women won their first 3x3 basketball world title in Ulaanbaatar. In combat sports, B. Enkh-Orgil captured a ONE Championship belt and later received the title of Honored Athlete. National Naadam champion E. Batmagnai earned the rank of arslan.
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Environment
Severe Cold Locks In as Forecasts Show Dry, Windy Conditions and Colder-Than-Average January
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia is under a deep freeze with dry, partly cloudy conditions and brisk northwesterly winds. Daytime temperatures on December 31 range from -24°C to -29°C in high mountain basins, -18°C to -23°C across most valleys, and -13°C to -15°C in Ulaanbaatar, with stronger gusts in parts of the east. Nighttime lows plunge to -36°C to -41°C in the coldest hollows. Outlooks for January 1–3 indicate stable weather: mostly dry except light snow in the east on January 3, winds 4–9 m/s (up to 12–14 m/s in the east), and persistent severe cold (down to -33°C to -38°C at night in basins). The national meteorological agency projects January temperatures to be colder than the long-term average across much of the north and east, with relatively drier conditions in parts of the west and slightly wetter conditions in the far east.
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Ulaanbaatar’s Air Quality Sees Improvement to 15th Worst Globally, With Hotspots Still Severe
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar’s air quality index (AQI) at noon on December 31 showed stark contrasts across the city: Bayankhoshuu reached a hazardous 442, while Shardad and Dambadarjaa recorded very unhealthy levels at 249–251. Other districts—Mongol Gazriin 1st Microdistrict, Khailaast, 5 Buudal, Yarmag, and Nalaikh—registered lower pollution, and areas near Bogd Khaan Palace Museum and certain locations in Erdenet were normal. Authorities and specialists attribute this winter’s improvement to the rollout of semi-coke fuel to 172,000 ger-area households since November, with officials estimating a 40–50% decline versus previous years. Mongolia, once among the five worst globally for air pollution, currently ranks 15th by the latest metrics. The World Health Organization advises vulnerable groups to avoid outdoor activity when AQI exceeds 500.
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Innovation
Ulaanbaatar to Enforce AI Traffic Cameras from January 1, Expanding Automated Violations and Evidence Links
Published: 2025-12-31
Ulaanbaatar will begin issuing fines from January 1 using an AI-enabled camera network across 176 signalized intersections, following a year-long pilot. Authorities have installed over 1,600 AI cameras (2,600+ total surveillance units connected to the system) that detect 10 types of violations, including red-light running, improper lane use, bus-lane misuse, stop-line and pedestrian-crossing encroachment, continuous line crossing, speeding (instant and average), illegal stops, and vehicles with unpaid tax or no insurance. Officials report early behavioral shifts: improper lane occupation dropped 81% between July and November, and intersection throughput on some approaches improved by up to 20%. The system stores time-stamped footage and will send violators links to evidence; complaints will be reviewed for technical errors.
“Switching fully to AI does not mean drivers will be fined en masse. If you follow the rules, you won’t be fined.” - Ch. Khuvzayaa, Head of the Traffic Management Center (ikon.mn)
“Our aim is to cultivate orderly road behavior, not just punish; pilot results show noticeable declines in violations and driver stress.” - A. Bayar, Chair of the Citizens’ Representative Khural (urug.mn)
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International Engineering School Planned for Hunnu City with Construction Starting in 2026
Published: 2025-12-31
The Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST) and China’s Inner Mongolia University of Technology will establish an International School of Engineering in Hunnu City, a planned urban development near Ulaanbaatar. The campus will be sited within Hunnu City’s designated student district and R&D-industrial cluster. Authorities will complete a partial master plan, initial construction design, and engineering infrastructure drawings ahead of ground-breaking in 2026, according to government communications. Once operational, the school is expected to train up to 3,000 engineers annually, aligning with national priorities to expand a skilled technical workforce for large-scale infrastructure, energy, and mining projects. The initiative reflects deeper Mongolia–China academic and industrial collaboration and could create a pipeline for bilingual, industry-ready graduates, potentially easing talent shortages in high-demand sectors.
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Zavkhan Extends Mobile Coverage to Remote Districts, Targets Full Network Access by 2026
Published: 2025-12-31
Zavkhan Province expanded mobile network access to 14 remote baghs in 2025 and plans further rollouts in 2026 under a national push to deliver high-speed internet and telephony to every household. Half of the province’s 116 baghs currently have coverage, with accelerated installations over the past two years. This year’s deployments, conducted with Mobicom, reached baghs in Ider (Darkhan-Uul, Manuustai), Tosontsengel (Bayan-Ulaan), and Bayantes (Bujir). Agreements are in place to connect 13 more baghs, and state budget funding in 2026 will extend service to Durvuljin’s Onts, Ikh-Uul’s Khuyagt, and Tosontsengel’s Orgikh. Authorities say connectivity will improve information access for residents and support herder safety, including through Starlink adoption for those in highly remote, seasonal migration areas.
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Health
Measles Cases Rebound; Infant Death Reported as Health Ministry Urges Vaccination and Masking
Published: 2025-12-31
Mongolia confirmed 14 new measles cases in the past 24 hours, indicating renewed transmission after a lull. Cases were recorded in Dornod (8), Ulaanbaatar (5), and Khentii (1), according to the Ministry of Health. An eight-month-old child who had influenza concurrently with measles died, underscoring risks for infants and the unvaccinated. Recent infections in the capital are linked to children hospitalized for influenza-like illnesses and their close contacts, raising concern about spread within healthcare settings. Authorities advise wearing masks and maintaining hand hygiene when visiting medical facilities, and urge those not fully covered by the routine measles schedule—or unsure of their status—to verify records and get vaccinated at local family or soum health centers. The situation highlights the importance of immunization to curb outbreaks and protect high-risk groups.
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