Politics
DP Calls for Emergency Parliament Session on Budget and Inflation
Published: 2026-08-13
The DP has demanded that the government submit a 2026 budget amendment to Parliament immediately and convene an extraordinary session before the end of August. At its August 13 briefing, the party linked rising prices and fuel queues to government economic policy and called for spending cuts to reduce the budget deficit. DP lawmakers cited 13% headline inflation and a MNT 2.1 trillion balanced-budget deficit in the first half of 2026. Finance Minister Z. Mendsaikhan said the previous week that the government would submit this year’s budget amendment together with next year’s budget. The party also said every DP parliamentary-group member had signed a letter seeking Prime Minister N. Uchral’s resignation.
“We want to know whether the government has a real plan to protect people from the next wave of inflation.” - B. Jargalan (news.mn)
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Published: 2026-08-13
T. Davaadalai, formerly the first deputy governor of Ulaanbaatar, has been released from detention after the preventive measure against him was changed to a restriction on leaving Mongolia. He had been ordered held until August 21, but authorities replaced detention with the border-crossing restriction. Investigators are examining allegations that he accepted MNT 5.2 billion in bribes between April 9 and October 27, 2025, through a company established by his wife, B. Ankhtuya. The investigation also concerns allegations that he acted with his younger brother, T. Munkhdalai, director of the Metro project at the Unified Project Management Office, a municipally owned enterprise. The court had previously ordered detention over a risk that evidence could be destroyed.
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Customs Takes Disciplinary Action Against 97 Inspectors
Published: 2026-08-13
The General Customs Administration said it imposed disciplinary measures on 97 state customs inspectors during the first seven months of 2026 for breaches involving discipline, responsibility, or ethics. Six officials faced action for ethical violations, while the rights of 22 officials were suspended after decisions by law-enforcement bodies or courts. B. Munkh-Amar, head of the administration’s Public Relations Center, said the measures applied regardless of position or rank. The agency asked the public to report suspected customs or other legal violations through its 1800-1281 hotline.
“We are taking regular internal measures concerning staff discipline, accountability and ethics.” - B. Munkh-Amar (ikon.mn)
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Economy
Fuel Distribution Expected to Normalize From Monday
Published: 2026-08-13
The government task force overseeing fuel supply says nationwide distribution of AI-92 petrol should return to normal from next Monday, after weekend deliveries replenish filling stations. On August 12, 46 rail tank cars carrying more than 2,700 tonnes arrived in Ulaanbaatar from Russia; the first 23 were unloaded, sending 756 tonnes to 75 stations in the capital and 441 tonnes to 49 stations outside it. Another 152 tank cars, or 9,120 tonnes, are en route from Russia. Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources State Secretary B. Dashpurev said fewer arrivals late this week reflected a disruption at a Russian refinery, but loadings are increasing. A 2,000-tonne shipment of jet fuel from China is due at Zamiin-Uud on August 14.
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Central Bank Raises Policy Rate as Inflation Reaches Four-Year High
Published: 2026-08-13
The Bank of Mongolia raised its policy rate by 0.5 percentage points to 12.5% and the required reserve ratio for banks’ tugrik deposits by 0.5 points to 14.5%, responding to inflation that reached 13% nationwide over the first seven months of 2026, its highest level in four years. The central bank said its moves aim to anchor inflation expectations, limit spillover effects from supply-driven price increases and align tugrik returns with policy objectives. Fuel, food and regulated goods were cited as main drivers. A separate comparison based on National Statistics Office data shows sharp increases since 2016: beef rose from MNT 8,000 per kilogram to MNT 36,611, while AI-92 petrol increased from MNT 1,530 to MNT 2,840 per liter.
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Additional 33% Excise Tax Takes Effect on High-Value Imported Cars
Published: 2026-08-13
A new excise-tax rule took effect on August 10 for imported passenger vehicles with a customs value above MNT 360 million. The amendment, added to the Excise Tax Law on June 26, applies an additional 33% excise tax only to the portion of a vehicle’s customs value exceeding that threshold. For example, a car valued at MNT 400 million incurs an extra MNT 13.2 million tax on the MNT 40 million above the threshold. The measure is added to the existing vehicle excise tax, which continues to be calculated by engine displacement and the vehicle’s age. The Customs General Administration said the rule is now being applied to imported passenger cars.
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Balance of Payments Posts USD 566.6 Million Surplus in First Half
Published: 2026-08-13
Mongolia recorded a USD 566.6 million balance-of-payments surplus in the first half of 2026, according to the National Statistics Office. The current-account surplus increased by USD 2 billion from a year earlier, largely because net trade income rose 6.3 times. The services account posted a USD 1.7 billion deficit and the primary-income account a USD 2.7 billion deficit, while the capital and financial accounts recorded surpluses of USD 49.9 million and USD 209.3 million, respectively. In the first seven months, total trade with 153 countries reached USD 19.4 billion and exports rose 57.5 percent year on year, supported by higher shipments of copper ore and concentrate, coal, combed cashmere, and tungsten ore.
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Government Makes National Standards Free to Access
Published: 2026-08-13
Mongolia has made national-standard documents free for individuals and businesses under the government’s Chuluulye national initiative. The change was set out in the initiative’s action plan approved by Government Resolution No. 285 of 2026 and took effect through the Deputy Prime Minister’s Order No. 150, issued on August 7. Previously, users paid MNT 5,500 to MNT 78,700 for standards, depending on page count. Mongolia currently has 6,657 standards in force, including 3,552 national standards. Free access is intended to help businesses apply technical requirements, improve product and service quality and safety, and lower compliance barriers for small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups. A revised bill on standardization, technical regulation, and conformity-assessment accreditation has also been submitted to parliament for consideration during its autumn session.
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Infrastructure
Bitumen and Diesel Shortages Threaten Road Project Timelines
Published: 2026-08-13
Road construction companies have asked Road and Transport Minister B. Delgersaikhan for additional project funding, saying higher diesel and bitumen costs and delayed Russian bitumen supplies threaten scheduled work. Mongolia imports most of both materials from Russia. Bitumen, a key asphalt input, rose from $580 per tonne in 2025 to $830 per tonne in July 2026, according to the companies, amid geopolitical factors and shortages since April. Diesel reportedly increased about 30% year on year, from MNT 3,900 to MNT 5,000, lifting unit construction costs by as much as 30%. Contractors say fixed-price public and local-budget contracts offer no legal or financial mechanism to reflect these costs, putting companies at risk of losses and insolvency; some projects may not finish on schedule or could stop.
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Ulaanbaatar Plans Parking Closures and Free Shuttles for COP17
Published: 2026-08-13
Ulaanbaatar will temporarily close parking areas and some roads near the Narantuul and Dunjingarav shopping centers as it hosts COP17, the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, beginning August 17. The city says the measures will reduce traffic pressure during the conference, which is expected to bring delegates from 196 countries. Closures cover both market parking lots and parking along the corridor from the Traffic Police Department’s southwest intersection to the Chuluun Ovoo roundabout, as well as specified sections around Zuun Dörvön Zam, Home Plaza and Ikh Mongol intersection. From August 17 to 28, two free shuttle routes will link 120 Myangat, Officers’ Palace, Narantuul Market and Dunjingarav. Existing 13 routes with 120 vehicles will continue unchanged.
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Zes-Oyu Switchyard Opens Second International Power Connection
Published: 2026-08-13
The 220-kilovolt Zes-Oyu outdoor switchyard entered operation on August 3, creating a second connection between the national grid and an external power system after 50 years. Built with Oyu Tolgoi investment at the Energy Ministry’s request, the facility has six 220-kilovolt bays and a 3-kilometer overhead transmission line. It enables parallel operation with the Inner Mongolia grid and supports agreements signed on December 16, 2025, to import up to 80 MW of electricity and coordinate dispatch. During winter peak demand, the arrangement is intended to supply southern-region consumers separately from the central grid, reducing pressure on the wider system. The connection can also support future domestic electricity supplies to the Oyu Tolgoi mine under its investment agreement obligations.
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Government Orders Security and Regulatory Support for Refinery Project
Published: 2026-08-13
Prime Minister N. Uchral has instructed ministers to resolve regulatory and operational obstacles facing the oil refinery under construction in Altanshiree soum, Dornogovi Province. Cabinet directives cover 14 issues, including tax and debt arrangements, expanding the project’s credit line, developing the site as an industrial and technology park, and responding quickly to permits and official requests. The government will also prepare plans and cost estimates to place the construction site under Internal Troops protection and train personnel assigned there. Construction is more than 60% complete, with commissioning scheduled for 2028. Uchral said the government will intensify oil exploration and production while overseeing the refinery to reduce dependence on imports.
“We will resolve the project’s problems as they arise.” - N. Uchral (unuudur.mn)
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Chinese Supplier Wins Right to Contract for 280,000 Tons of Semi-Coke Fuel
Published: 2026-08-13
Tavan Tolgoi Fuel LLC has granted Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Group Shenmu Energy Developments Ltd Wuzhou Branch the right to sign a contract to supply 280,000 tons of semi-coke fuel for the coming winter. The Chinese company’s bid was MNT 288.386 billion, below the tender’s estimated MNT 288.781 billion cost, and it received the contract award on August 11. Three other bids, including the lowest offer of MNT 255.226 billion from Tsui Xin Development, were rejected as non-compliant under public procurement law. The purchase continues the city’s shift from briquettes to semi-coke fuel to reduce winter air pollution. A domestic coal-pyrolysis plant is planned to meet future demand, but the report says its implementation has been delayed. Winter supply depends on the selected supplier signing the contract and delivering fuel on time.
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Monel Street to Close in Sections for Road Resurfacing
Published: 2026-08-13
A two-kilometer section of Monel Street in Ulaanbaatar’s Bayanzurkh District will be partially closed from 23:00 on August 14 until 06:00 on August 17 while the road is being renovated. The work will include building a cement-stabilized base and laying asphalt concrete on the section. The Capital City Road Development Department asked residents and drivers to plan their travel routes. Both reports describe the closure as partial and give the same continuous interval, from 23:00 on August 14 to 06:00 on August 17. The project concerns the renovation of Monel Street and the roadwork planned for the two-kilometer section during the announced closure period.
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Bagakhangai-Emeelt Rail Project Is Slated to Enter Service Next Month
Published: 2026-08-13
A 127.1-kilometre railway project linking Bagakhangai station, Khushig Valley and Emeelt is expected to enter service next month, according to the report. Construction of the 87.8-kilometre Bagakhangai-Khushig Valley section, begun in April 2025, is complete for civil works, bridges and culverts, while infrastructure installation stands at 86.6 percent. Earthworks on the Khushig Valley-Emeelt connection, which began in 2026, are 48.2 percent complete. The project will build a Class III freight and passenger main line, three sidings and four stations, with 177.4 kilometres of total track length. More than 4,000 engineers and technical specialists from 95 domestic companies are working on it. Authorities plan to resolve land clearance, relocation and electrical-protection work along the corridor.
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National Road Traffic Safety Council Operations Restored
Published: 2026-08-13
The operations of Mongolia’s non-staff National Road Traffic Safety Council have been restored. The council is intended to help implement international documents aimed at reducing road and transport crashes and deaths, including United Nations General Assembly resolutions and the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. It will also seek to improve coordination across sectors. Over the past five years, road and transport crashes killed 312 children and caused injuries ranging from serious to minor for 3,861 others, according to the report. It says annual public-awareness campaigns and allocated budgets have not produced sufficient results. The restored council is expected to increase participation by residents, drivers, the private sector and civil-society organizations while working to foster safer road-use habits.
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Rail-Gauge Gap Constrains Fuel Imports and Export Capacity
Published: 2026-08-13
Differences between Mongolia’s broad-gauge rail network and China’s standard-gauge system are forcing fuel imports arriving at Erenhot-Zamyn-Uud to be transferred to trucks, according to a News.mn report. In 2025, the border rail crossing handled an average of 16 broad-gauge and 7.5 standard-gauge trains daily, moving 15.5 million tonnes of cargo. Economy and Development Minister J. Enkhbayar said rail capacity has reached its limit as the government projects copper exports of 2.1 million tonnes in 2026 and higher iron exports from 2027. Construction of the 32.6-kilometre dual-gauge Gashuunsukhait-Ganqimaodu cross-border railway is planned to reach about 70 percent this year, with trial freight transport planned for April 2027. Its reported cost exceeds MNT 900 billion.
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Road-Toll Exemption Applications Open for Nearby Commuters
Published: 2026-08-13
Vehicle owners in designated areas can now apply online to join a whitelist exempting them from road-use charges under tariff revisions introduced on August 1. The measure covers vehicles in remote districts and khoroos of Ulaanbaatar, as well as aimags and soums within a 50-kilometre radius of the capital. Residents who commute from Zuunmod soum in Tuv aimag to Ulaanbaatar are among those eligible. Applicants must sign in to E-Mongolia, select the road-use fee exemption service and upload supporting documents in PDF format; applications are to be decided within five working days. Under the revised tariffs, passenger-car fees rose from MNT 1,000 to MNT 5,000, while truck charges increased from MNT 10,000 to MNT 20,000.
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Buddha Villa Buyers Face Risk From Orkhon Land Dispute
Published: 2026-08-13
More than 80 buyers at the Buddha Villa residential project in Bayan-Undur soum, Orkhon aimag, may be unable to receive their apartment orders, according to a report by Unuudur. Diesel Progress LLC built two blocks with 82 apartments on a 1,700-square-metre plot within land long held by ITGM LLC for its Park View project. The report says construction began in 2024, before the project’s designs and permits were approved in 2025. It says the approved plan placed green space and parking on ITGM’s adjoining land, and alleges that green space, parking and walkways were built there. ITGM has complained to authorities, while the report says several officials may face an investigation by the Anti-Corruption Agency.
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Society
Search for Missing 10-Year-Old Enters Its Eleventh Day in Khovd
Published: 2026-08-13
Search teams have entered their 11th day looking for a 10-year-old girl reported missing in Norjinkhairkhan bag, Buyant soum, Khovd province. Her family reported her missing at 8:40 p.m. on August 2 after she was last seen around 9 a.m. on August 1. Authorities, armed-forces personnel, local professional units, relatives and volunteers are participating. Search operations are divided among inspections of homes and facilities in Buyant soum center, boat and drone sweeps along the Khovd River, and ground searches southeast of Norjinkhairkhan bag. As of August 13, teams had inspected 948 households, 623 vegetable cellars and 389 wells; searched 191.5 hectares by drone; and covered 932 kilometers by foot and vehicle plus 28 kilometers by boat. Local authorities have called for further volunteer help.
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Schools and Kindergartens in COP17 Zone Move Registration Online
Published: 2026-08-13
Ulaanbaatar authorities will introduce temporary arrangements at 73 kindergartens and 60 general-education schools in five districts that are located in the COP17 conference-organization zone from August 17 to 28. The affected institutions will not conduct on-site registration during that period; enrollment, registration, and transfer services will be handled online. They will organize academic-year preparation remotely, arrange conditions for teachers and staff to work from home, and prepare to provide online instruction if necessary. Kindergartens will be operated flexibly based on parents’ needs. Institutions will notify parents and guardians in advance and take measures to reduce vehicle trips for dropping off and collecting children. Regular classes will begin normally on September 1.
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Customs Detects 14 Attempts to Smuggle Narcotics in Seven Months
Published: 2026-08-13
Customs authorities reported 2,314 violations in the first seven months of 2026, including 53 cases showing signs of criminal offences. B. Munkh-Amar, head of the General Customs Administration’s public relations center, said violations involving evasion of customs and other taxes accounted for 47 percent of the total, including false or incomplete declarations. Authorities also reported that prohibited or restricted goods accounted for a substantial share of violations. Officers detected 14 attempts to bring narcotic or psychotropic substances across the border and transferred the cases to police and other law-enforcement bodies. Customs recorded 40 attempts to bring in injections marketed for weight loss or used for diabetes for commercial purposes, seizing about 1,300 injections. It advised people to use medicines and injections according to guidance from health institutions and medical professionals.
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Police Warn of Fake Online Fuel-Sale Ads After MNT 500,000 Fraud
Published: 2026-08-13
Police have warned people about fraudulent online information claiming to sell fuel after two people reportedly lost about MNT 500,000. The victims, identified only as O and B, transferred money after responding to an advertisement offering unofficially resold gasoline. Police said reports and calls concerning scams presented as fuel sales have been registered. Authorities urged people not to trust unverified or false information posted online or transfer money based on such advertisements. The reported case concerns money transferred in response to an advertisement, and the source does not say that fuel was delivered. Police described the notices as deceptive online information that put people at risk of financial loss when they relied on them and sent payments to prospective sellers.
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First-Grade Registration Opens Online on August 17
Published: 2026-08-13
Online registration for first grade at state-owned general education schools for the 2026-2027 academic year will run through the E-Mongolia platform from August 17 to August 28. Children born from January 1 through December 31, 2020, who will turn six this year, are eligible to register. Parents and guardians should check and confirm both their own registered address and the child’s address before submitting an application. Families intending to change their registered address must complete that process by August 14. The enrollment process applies to public schools and is organized electronically through E-Mongolia. The announcement sets the registration period, eligibility dates and address-related requirements for families preparing for the new school year.
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Police Record Six Home-Burglary Reports in One Day
Published: 2026-08-13
Police recorded six reports of residential burglary on August 12, including cases in Ulaanbaatar and Selenge aimag. In Khan-Uul district, offenders reportedly forced open a home’s door and stole one medium-sized and one small silver bowl. Another case in Bayanzurkh district involved five medium-sized silver bowls and one small bowl. In Saikhan soum, Selenge aimag, a 55-inch Samsung television, an airag container and a pitcher were reported stolen from a home. Police have registered 1,252 residential-burglary cases during the first seven months of 2026. Officials said reports typically increase during the holiday and recreation season, particularly in summer-camp areas, and urged residents to check that doors and windows are locked and to install security cameras.
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Environment
Desertification Now Affects 81.9% of National Territory
Published: 2026-08-13
Researchers from the Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geography and Geoecology, and its Botanical Institute presented the sixth national atlas and report on desertification and land degradation to the Cabinet. The assessment finds that 81.9% of the country’s territory is affected to some degree, up from 76.9%, or about 120.3 million hectares, in 2020. It classifies 0.6% as very severe, 9.4% severe, 43.2% moderate and 28.7% slight. Average annual air temperature rose 2.5% between 1941 and 2025, while 72.6% of the territory warmed by 1.2-1.6 C. The report will be presented at the UN Convention to Combat Desertification COP17 in Ulaanbaatar next week.
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Showers and Thunderstorms Forecast Across Central and Northern Areas
Published: 2026-08-13
Forecasts for August 13-18 call for rain and thunderstorms across several parts of the country, with heavier rain expected in Selenge, northern Tuv and northern Khentii on August 14. On August 13, showers and thunderstorms are forecast in parts of western and central provinces, while Ulaanbaatar is expected to have light showers, southwesterly winds of 4-9 meters per second and a daytime high of 24-26 C. Baganur is forecast to remain dry at 23-25 C, while Terelj may receive light showers at 22-24 C. Rain is also forecast in northern areas on August 14-15, bringing slightly cooler conditions. The National Emergency Management Agency warned of rising river levels, gusts, hail and lightning, particularly in areas expecting heavy rain.
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Authorities Warn Hikers After Adult Bear Encounter Near Ulaanbaatar
Published: 2026-08-13
Ulaanbaatar’s Environmental Department issued a warning after a hiker reported encountering an adult bear at a distance of about 20 metres near Ikh Bayan in Sukhbaatar District on August 11. Responding staff and police went to the site, but the animal had moved deeper into the forest. The encounter occurred about seven kilometres from an artificial lake at the headwaters of the Selbe River. Officials asked people hiking or visiting the area to leave the mountain and avoid nearby locations. They advised people who encounter predators such as bears, wolves or lynx not to run, to back away slowly, avoid direct eye contact and make themselves appear larger. Bears entered Ulaanbaatar’s green zone three times between 2018 and 2020.
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S. Davaasuren Appointed Acting CEO of Tavan Tolgoi Fuel
Published: 2026-08-13
Tavan Tolgoi Fuel’s board has appointed S. Davaasuren as acting chief executive, replacing Ts. Erdenebayar. Davaasuren previously served as deputy head of the Capital City Professional Inspection Department and headed the working office of the National Committee for Reducing Air Pollution. During Erdenebayar’s tenure, the company shifted from middling-based briquettes to semi-coke fuel, updating research, production, transport, distribution and sales systems. It imported 367,000 tonnes of semi-coke from China to supply more than 170,000 households in Ulaanbaatar and introduced the Khutula app to digitize fuel stocks and sales. The board said the city recorded a 23% decline in air pollution during the 2025-2026 winter.
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Innovation
Government Establishes National Artificial Intelligence Council
Published: 2026-08-13
The government has established a National Artificial Intelligence Council by amending its resolution on the composition of national committees, commissions and councils. Vision-2050 and the government’s 2024-2028 action programme include more than 30 planned measures involving big data and artificial intelligence. Mongolia ranked 98th out of 188 countries in Oxford Insights’ 2024 Government AI Readiness Index, but received zero points for having strategic planning and policy documents, according to the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Communications. The Prime Minister will chair the council, with the ministers responsible for digital development and education as deputy chairs. Members are planned to include deputy ministers, ministry state secretaries and representatives of professional artificial-intelligence associations.
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Public University Credit Fees Rise by MNT 15,000-30,000
Published: 2026-08-13
Tuition charges per credit at Mongolia’s state-owned universities have increased for the coming autumn term, with changes varying by institution and course type. At the National University of Mongolia, students say new entrants will pay MNT 203,000 per general foundation-course credit, up from MNT 177,000, and MNT 204,000 per professional-course credit, up from MNT 178,000. The source separately estimates that a first-year student taking an average 30 general-education credits would face MNT 6.1 million to MNT 6.2 million in tuition. At the Mongolian University of Science and Technology, foundation-course credits cost MNT 209,000, MNT 19,000 more than last year, while credits in some high-demand fields cost MNT 218,000. Other state universities have also increased credit fees by MNT 15,000 to MNT 25,000.
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Health
Tests Find Excessive Lead in Water Stored in Reused Oil Canisters
Published: 2026-08-13
A Mongolian study has found that non-food plastic containers can transfer hazardous chemicals into drinking water and other beverages. Researchers tested solutions stored in reused oil canisters and large blue plastic containers, which are sometimes repurposed to hold water, airag or milk. Lead concentrations in water from the large blue containers were 60-72 times above the World Health Organization’s recommended limit of 0.01 mg per liter. Water stored in oil canisters contained lead at 500-800 times that level. The report says chemical migration depends on the container material, storage duration, temperature and the product being stored. It highlights the risks of reusing containers previously intended for oil, chemicals or other non-food uses for food and drink storage.
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Published: 2026-08-13
Form 13A is the referral document used when a patient who has received care at a Family Health Center needs a service the center cannot provide and is transferred to a higher-level hospital. The patient-transfer process, including use of the form, is regulated. An official source said Form 13A is to be cancelled, citing burdens on residents, lost time and misunderstandings associated with the document. The National Health Insurance Council will make the formal decision at a meeting; its date has not yet been announced. The cancellation concerns the document used in this referral process, which directs patients from primary care to the next level of hospital service.
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Japan and WHO Deliver Cervical-Cancer Screening Equipment to Hospitals
Published: 2026-08-13
Japan and the World Health Organization handed screening, diagnostic and treatment equipment, along with testing reagents, to health institutions on August 13. The delivery supports earlier detection and treatment of cervical cancer, a preventable disease that remains a significant health concern. In 2024, 521 women were newly diagnosed and 167 died from the disease. Mongolia has added HPV vaccination to its national immunization schedule and, during 2026, trained 742 doctors and health workers from all 21 provinces and Ulaanbaatar’s nine districts in HPV DNA testing, diagnosis and treatment of precancerous conditions. Authorities are preparing to introduce HPV DNA testing nationwide to identify high-risk infections and refer patients for prompt diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
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Published: 2026-08-13
The Ministry of Education has begun testing educational buildings for volatile organic compounds and heavy metals. The work is part of phased measures intended to ensure that paint and construction materials used in educational buildings and renovation or improvement work meet standards and do not adversely affect human health. On August 12, the ministry held online training on organizing testing of paint and construction materials used in kindergartens and general-education schools. More than 50 state education inspectors and relevant officials from provinces and Ulaanbaatar attended. The initiative follows the July “Safe Environment-Quality Construction” discussion. Education Minister L. Enkh-Amgalan said responsibility would be assigned to construction companies that do not perform work under procedures approved by a joint order of three ministers, and to principals and kindergarten directors who fail to supervise it.
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