Politics
Parliament Approves 2026 Budget Revision With MNT2 Trillion Deficit
Published: 2026-10-16
Parliament gave final approval to the 2026 budget revision on October 16, setting consolidated revenue at MNT31.9 trillion and a MNT2 trillion deficit, equivalent to 2 percent of GDP. The measure passed with 78 of 99 members present voting in favor. It reduces tax revenue by MNT1 trillion, with state-owned-company dividends intended to cover the shortfall. The revision cuts MNT1.4 trillion in spending and redirects funds toward public-sector pay, pensions, food and fuel reserves, energy subsidies, and system repairs. From November 1, pensions for 435,000 seniors will increase by MNT100,000 to MNT300,000. The revision also funds teachers’ pay and provides for a 20 percent increase in healthcare workers’ salaries.
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Court Replaces Journalist’s Detention With Restrictions
Published: 2026-10-16
A district court has replaced pretrial detention for Dens.mn journalist T. Shinebayar with restrictive measures after reviewing an appeal by his lawyers. Shinebayar was arrested for 48 hours early on October 10 and then ordered detained for 30 days at the prosecutor’s request. The Capital Prosecutor’s Office has charged him under Article 23.7 of the Criminal Code, concerning threats against a public official, following a complaint by Presidential Administration Media Office head Ts. Ganzorig. The chief judge changed the measure after considering Shinebayar’s health condition. His lawyer said he had been on a dry hunger strike for more than 110 hours and showed signs of worsening chronic pancreatitis. The Mongolian Journalists’ Union raised concerns about due-process safeguards during the initial proceedings.
“There may be a campaign to restrict press freedom and silence journalists as elections approach.” - L. Ninjjamts, President of the Mongolian Journalists’ Union (news.mn)
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Economy
Fuel Price Surge Raises Inflation Risk Toward Year-End
Published: 2026-10-16
Nationwide inflation reached 12.9 percent in September, its highest level in about three years, after the average gasoline price rose MNT 82 per liter from August. In early October, AI-92 gasoline reached MNT 3,600 per liter, up from MNT 3,040. Officials attributed the rise to a USD 190 increase in the price of fuel imported from Russia and warned that supply could decline in November and December, creating a risk of shortages. Economists estimate that a MNT 500-560 increase in gasoline prices could affect inflation by 1.5-2.5 percentage points. The source also says October inflation may reach 14 percent. Planned November 1 increases for doctors, teachers, civil servants and pension recipients may add pressure. The Bank of Mongolia kept its policy rate at 12.5 percent in September.
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Budget Posts MNT 1.6 Trillion Deficit as Credit Exposure Rises
Published: 2026-10-16
The National Statistics Office reported a MNT 1.6 trillion balanced-budget deficit for the first nine months of 2026. Total state-budget revenue and grants reached MNT 26.1 trillion, up MNT 3.8 trillion from a year earlier, while total expenditure and net lending amounted to MNT 24.6 trillion. Tax revenue rose by MNT 2.2 trillion to MNT 21.2 trillion, led by increases in value-added tax, social-insurance revenue and income tax; excise-tax revenue fell by MNT 66.8 billion. Separately, outstanding loans reached MNT 49.6 trillion at the end of September, 15.4 percent higher year on year. Non-performing loans totaled MNT 2.6 trillion, including MNT 1.4 trillion held by private-sector borrowers and MNT 1.2 trillion by households.
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Oyu Tolgoi Copper Output Rises 27 Percent in Third Quarter
Published: 2026-10-16
Oyu Tolgoi produced 114,000 tonnes of copper in concentrate in the third quarter of 2026, up 27 percent from a year earlier and 17 percent from the previous quarter, according to Rio Tinto’s production report. Year-to-date copper output reached 312,000 tonnes, a 29 percent annual increase. Gold in concentrate totaled 123,600 ounces in the quarter, down 11 percent year on year, although year-to-date gold output was 26 percent higher. Rio Tinto expects lower gold grades in 2026 and 2027 as mining of higher-grade areas in the open pit declines. Silver in concentrate rose 26 percent to 706,000 ounces. Rio Tinto said the quarterly production rate equated to about 450,000 tonnes of annual copper output and helped keep group copper production stable.
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Industrial Output Climbs in First Nine Months
Published: 2026-10-16
Industrial output totaled MNT 57.0 trillion in the first nine months of 2026, the National Statistics Office reported. The NSO separately reported a MNT 20.1 trillion increase from the same period a year earlier and 54.6 percent growth. Mining and extraction contributed MNT 19.0 trillion of the increase, while manufacturing added MNT 947.8 billion. Industrial-product sales reached MNT 63.6 trillion, up MNT 22.8 trillion, or 55.9 percent, with mining sales rising MNT 21.8 trillion. Output volumes increased for iron-ore concentrate, copper concentrate by metal content, fluorspar, fluorspar concentrate and hard coal. Production declined for lignite, iron ore, crude oil, unrefined gold, zinc concentrate and silver concentrate. Manufacturing output rose for cement, combed cashmere, flour and liquid milk, while vodka, beverages, cathode copper, meat and coal briquettes declined.
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Trade Unions Set October 21 Deadline on Minimum-Wage Funding
Published: 2026-10-16
The Confederation of Mongolian Trade Unions and its member organizations have demanded that the government fully implement a tripartite decision to raise the minimum wage to MNT 1,000,000 from January 1, 2027. Their joint demand was sent to Parliament, the Cabinet, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Protection. The unions also called for an independent investigation into factors that delayed implementation, full funding in the 2027 state budget, and delivery of previously agreed wage increases in education, health care and other sectors. They requested a public, formal response setting out measures, timing and financing by October 21, 2026. The federation said it would begin lawful nationwide collective action with member organizations if authorities do not take concrete action by that deadline.
“We will not accept agreements affecting workers’ wages and livelihoods being left only at the level of promises and announcements.” - Confederation of Mongolian Trade Unions (urug.mn)
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Trade Surplus Reaches $6.5 Billion as Mineral Exports Rise
Published: 2026-10-16
Mongolia’s foreign trade surplus reached $6.5 billion in the first nine months of 2026, as total trade with 161 countries rose to $25.9 billion, the National Statistics Office reported. Exports totaled $16.2 billion and imports $9.7 billion. Copper ore and concentrate exports increased by $3.1 billion from a year earlier, while coal exports rose by $2 billion, driving the expansion. Higher diesel imports, up $549 million, were the largest contributor to import growth. China, Mongolia’s principal export market, also reported strong September trade figures: exports rose 36.3% year on year to $447.18 billion, and its monthly surplus reached $133.53 billion. China’s demand, commodity prices, purchase volumes and border transport conditions remain important factors for Mongolian coal and copper export revenue.
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Budget Plan Puts Proposed Oyu Tolgoi Dividend at Center of Fiscal Debate
Published: 2026-10-16
The draft 2027 budget includes a planned 3 trillion tugrik dividend from Oyu Tolgoi. Initial calculations would allocate 2 trillion tugrik to energy projects and 1 trillion tugrik to the Savings Fund, while the government seeks public input and some citizens expect cash payouts. DP lawmaker Sh. Byambasuren said key details remain unresolved, noting that Finance Ministry officials described only a preliminary oral understanding and that project documents contemplate dividends from 2037. Economist R. Davaadorj warned against basing spending on revenue that is not fully guaranteed, while economist B. Lakshmi argued that the principal should be preserved and invested for future generations.
“The key principle is not to consume our wealth, but to use it to create more wealth.” - R. Davaadorj (news.mn)
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Coal Export Target Set at 110 Million Tonnes for 2027
Published: 2026-10-16
Mongolia plans to export 110 million tonnes of coal and 2.1 million tonnes of copper concentrate in 2027 under budget assumptions that set coal at USD 68 per tonne and copper at USD 12,700 per tonne. International analysts expect coking-coal prices of USD 215-222 per tonne to remain stable, supported by steel demand. The government estimates mining-sector tax revenue at 10.9 trillion tugrik, or about 9.5% of GDP. Mongolia exported 86.1 million tonnes of coal worth USD 6.1 billion in the first nine months of 2026, nearly reaching its 90-million-tonne annual target. Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi exported 26.9 million tonnes during that period, including 15.9 million tonnes sold through the Mongolian Stock Exchange.
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Meat Prices Strain Household Budgets Despite Autumn Supply Season
Published: 2026-10-16
Retail meat prices in Ulaanbaatar remained high in mid-October, pressuring households quoted in the report. At Khuchit Shonkhor market, whole mutton carcasses sold for MNT 19,000-19,500 per kilogram, boneless beef for MNT 32,000-33,000, and bone-in beef for MNT 26,000-27,000. At Tavan-Erdene market, mutton was MNT 25,000-26,000, boneless beef MNT 31,000, and bone-in beef MNT 36,000; Bombogor shopping center listed bone-in mutton at MNT 25,000 and beef at MNT 31,000-35,000. Supply was reported as poor, despite autumn normally bringing better supply and lower prices. One seller suggested that the emergence of markets, stores, and online platforms may be connected to the situation. The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry said it plans to prepare 15,000-20,000 tonnes of reserve meat for next spring; by September, 20 companies had proposed capacity for 11,600 tonnes.
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Coal Hauliers’ Families Call for Action on Transport Company Fees
Published: 2026-10-16
The Transporters’ Families and Wives Association called on the Ministry of Road and Transport and the National Center for Road Transport to pay attention and intervene regarding companies it says collect charges from independent coal hauliers. The group says more than 110,000 people work in heavy-duty transport and estimates that about 500 coal-haulage companies operate on routes serving Tavan Tolgoi, Gashuunsukhait, Shiveekhuren, Bichigt, and Khangi border crossings. It says around 25,000 heavy trucks are registered with those companies, with more than 40% owned by ordinary citizens. Association representative Javzansuren said some companies use their access to international C permits, documents, and Chinese contracts to charge truck owners subsidies or per-tonne-kilometer fees. He said a Tavan Tolgoi-Gashuunsukhait trip carrying 136 tonnes can earn about MNT 4.488 million, with listed costs including wages, fuel, and company charges; separately, he said hauliers can face seasonal losses.
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Diplomacy
Parliament Receives Bill to Ratify Mongolia-Belarus Friendship Treaty
Published: 2026-10-16
Foreign Minister B. Battsetseg submitted a bill on October 16 to ratify the Treaty on Friendly Relations and Cooperation between Mongolia and Belarus. The agreement was signed by the two presidents on June 3, 2024, during Belarusian President A. G. Lukashenko’s state visit to Mongolia. It is intended to establish a framework for bilateral relations and expand cooperation in politics, trade, the economy, education, transport, agriculture, science, culture and humanitarian affairs. The government considered the matter in May 2026 and decided to submit it to parliament. The proposed ratification law contains one article authorizing approval of the 17-article treaty upon the government’s submission. Its sponsors said the bill conforms with Mongolia’s Constitution and other laws and is not expected to create adverse economic, social or legal effects.
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Infrastructure
More Than 27,000 Tonnes of Fuel Arrive at Sukhbaatar Station
Published: 2026-10-16
A total of 488 rail wagons carrying 27,173.49 tonnes of fuel entered through Sukhbaatar station during the 24 hours from 08:00 on October 15 to 08:00 on October 16, according to the Fuel Rapid Response Headquarters. Deliveries included 200 wagons holding 12,397.40 tonnes of diesel, 100 wagons carrying 5,828.64 tonnes of AI-92 gasoline, and 10 wagons carrying 609.45 tonnes of TS-1 aviation fuel. The headquarters said it is publishing railway fuel-transport data on an ongoing basis. Its update identifies these product categories and volumes, while not specifying the remaining wagons or tonnage by product type. Both reports carried the same figures for the 24-hour delivery period.
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Joint Study Finds Egiin Gol Hydropower Project Would Not Harm Lake Baikal
Published: 2026-10-16
A joint Mongolian-Russian team of scientists has completed its consolidated assessment of the proposed Egiin Gol hydropower plant, a project studied since 1964 and long opposed by Russia over concerns about Lake Baikal. Environment and Climate Change Minister Ts. Sandag-Ochir said the Russian side had given in-principle support, and the researchers from both countries signed the related protocol. Parliament Speaker S. Byambatsogt said the study found that building the plant would not negatively affect Lake Baikal. The team plans to submit its report to the Russian Academy of Sciences on November 18, 2026. The academy is then expected to send the report and findings to both governments, opening the way for further discussion of the project’s next stage rather than authorizing construction.
“The study found that it would not have a negative impact on Lake Baikal.” - S. Byambatsogt (eagle.mn)
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New Tavan Tolgoi-Gashuunsukhait Freight Road Opens to Traffic
Published: 2026-10-16
A 240-kilometer heavy-haul road from the Tavan Tolgoi coal deposits to the Gashuunsukhait border crossing opened in Tsogttsetsii soum, Umnugovi province, on October 16. The Development Bank of Mongolia provided USD 49.8 million to complete construction and asphalt paving for the MNT 1 trillion project. The 14.5-meter-wide road has a 7.5-meter carriageway and can carry loads of up to 200 tonnes. Loaded trucks transporting mining products toward Gashuunsukhait will use the new route, while the two-lane road opened in 2011 will carry return traffic toward Tavan Tolgoi. Together they create a four-lane heavy-freight corridor. Officials said the road is intended to improve transport safety, reduce vehicle damage and accidents, and expand export capacity through a crossing that handles 51.4 percent of coal exports and about 55 percent of copper-concentrate exports.
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Smart Meter Rollout Reaches 509,520 Smart Meters
Published: 2026-10-16
Mongolia’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure project had reached 93% completion after installing 509,520 smart electricity meters, according to the Ministry of Energy. The project’s feasibility study was prepared in 2023. The ministry said the rollout saved 320 jobs and reduced distribution losses from 13.66% to 9.5%. Smart meters allow customers to monitor usage through my.tog.mn, retain daily and monthly consumption data, and remotely connect or temporarily disconnect electricity at a customer’s request. They can automatically disconnect circuits when voltage fluctuates or when cables or equipment are damaged, reducing risks to health and property. Installation coverage reached 80.3% of businesses, 96.3% of households in ger districts, and 94.4% of apartment households. Differentiating morning, daytime, and nighttime consumption also makes customers eligible for tariff discounts.
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Supreme Court Sends Aqua Garden Dispute to Supervisory Review
Published: 2026-10-16
The Supreme Court’s Administrative Cases Chamber decided on October 15 to hear the case known as the Aqua Garden dispute in supervisory review. The case concerns a lawsuit by Onch Shiidel NGO and an appellate ruling, with complaints filed by representatives of the city chief architect, the third party’s lawyer, and the claimant’s representatives. The first-instance court had dismissed the NGO’s claims in full. The appellate court initially returned the matter for reconsideration, but the supervisory court annulled that ruling on May 26, finding the appellate court could decide the dispute itself on the available evidence. On July 8, the appellate court reconsidered the matter, amended the first-instance decision, and partially granted the claimant’s appeal. The new review will consider the challenges under Articles 123.2.1 and 123.2.3 of the Administrative Procedure Law.
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Society
Published: 2026-10-16
An anonymous man who said he bought and used drugs for more than 10 years told Ikon.mn that Telegram-based shops have made illegal substances easier to obtain in Mongolia. He said customers buy cryptocurrency through a digital exchange, send it to an account provided by a Telegram shop, then receive a location and photograph to collect packages hidden near fences or ger districts. He said he stopped using drugs last December after becoming a father. The man said he had seen four or five teenagers on bicycles collecting packages and alleged that younger people could be drawn into such work. He also described the treatment he encountered as inadequate, saying people dependent on drugs need specialized medical services rather than the options available to him.
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Environment
Firefighters Fully Extinguish Nomrog Protected-Area Blaze
Published: 2026-10-16
Firefighters fully extinguished a grassland fire at Bichigtiin-Undur in Tsogtsumber Bag, Khalkhgol Soum, Dornod, at 07:00 on October 16. The fire began there at 11:55 on October 8 and spread across the Nomrog Strictly Protected Area. A total of 109 personnel and 18 vehicles took part, including emergency agencies from Dornod, Umnugovi, Dornogovi and Khentii, a rescue unit from Sukhbaatar, Border Unit 0198, local response teams and protected-area staff. Authorities are investigating the cause and assessing ecological and economic damage; no person had been named as a suspect or defendant. Mobicom CEO Yasuhiro Ochi apologized and said the company would cooperate with the investigation and take measures to compensate damage as determined under applicable law.
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Serious Livestock Disease Cases Rise 4.4-Fold in First Nine Months
Published: 2026-10-16
The National Statistics Office recorded 115 cases of highly contagious livestock disease in the first nine months of 2026, up by 89 cases or 4.4 times from the same period a year earlier. Foot-and-mouth disease accounted for 89 cases, including Mongolia’s first reported SAT-1 strain. The outbreak affected more than 6,000 animals across western and eastern regions, according to the report. Ten anthrax cases were recorded, the highest total in five years, with infections reported in people after contact with sheep that died in Uvs Province. Six sheep pox cases, four goat plague cases and six cases of other diseases were also recorded. No rabies cases were reported during the period.
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Livestock Losses Rise in First Nine Months
Published: 2026-10-16
The National Statistics Office reported 392,800 non-natural deaths among adult livestock nationwide in the first nine months of 2026. The source separately said the total was 164,200 higher than in the same period a year earlier. Goats accounted for 150,000 losses, followed by 134,000 sheep, 46,300 cattle, 31,800 horses and 532 camels. Of the 25.3 million breeding female animals counted at the end of 2025, 19.4 million had given birth by the end of September. The office said 19.2 million offspring, representing 98.7% of those born, had survived. It separately reported that the number of surviving offspring was down 1.9 million and 8.9% from the comparable period in 2025.
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Heavy Snow Continues in Uvs Province, Prompting Road-Safety Warning
Published: 2026-10-16
Heavy snow has continued in Malchin soum, Uvs province, since October 15, according to the Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring Agency and local residents. Accumulation has increased in Malchin, while snowfall was also reported in Naranbulag, Tes and Ulaangom soums in Uvs; Khovd; Umnugovi; and Undurkhangai soum. Officials warned that the conditions could make local roads slippery and reduce visibility. They advised herders not to graze livestock far from home and urged motorists travelling in affected areas to adjust speed and proceed cautiously. Information available on October 16 described ongoing snowfall rather than a forecast, and the report gave neither a snow-depth measurement nor an end date for the conditions.
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New Center Delivers Real-Time Air-Quality Data From Ulaanbaatar and the Centers of 21 Provinces
Published: 2026-10-16
A new Air and Environmental Monitoring and Information Center has opened at the Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring Agency under a project that installed automated air-quality stations in Ulaanbaatar and the centers of all 21 provinces. Mongolia’s Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, South Korea’s Ministry of Environment and the Korea Environment Corporation implemented the project. The center receives real-time data on sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5 and PM10 particles, ozone, carbon monoxide and weather conditions. It includes the MAMIS central server, photo-monitoring cameras for Ulaanbaatar, and the agaar.gov.mn website. Authorities said the system will speed delivery of monitoring data, reports and assessments to government agencies and the public, while pollution forecasts can help people plan daily activities and protect their health.
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Authorities Put 27 Bears Under Safety Measures as Settlement Encounters Rise
Published: 2026-10-16
Authorities have applied permitted safety measures involving 27 brown bears in 10 provinces and Ulaanbaatar, responding to increasing cases of bears entering settlements and threatening people, livestock or property. Environment and Climate Change Minister Ts. Sandag-Ochir directed local authorities to implement guidelines approved on October 15, establish 24-hour reporting lines, and deploy rapid-response teams including environmental officers, police, emergency services, border guards, veterinarians and zoonotic-disease specialists. Teams are to assess reports, secure residents, drive bears away from homes and livestock enclosures, and capture or relocate animals where necessary. Hunting may be authorized by a rapid-response team leader when population-control measures are required. Mongolia recorded 22 bear-related reports on October 14, including five in Ulaanbaatar and 17 in provincial areas. The national environmental hotline received 431 reports between October 8 and 15.
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Innovation
Low Starting Pay Leaves Remote-District Schools Struggling to Retain Teachers
Published: 2026-10-16
Teacher shortages remain acute in schools in Ulaanbaatar’s outlying districts despite pay rises introduced this year. Teachers received a 50 percent increase in January 2026, with a further 26 percent increase scheduled for November 1, following strike action in October 2025. At an education-sector budget discussion, School No. 71 training manager A. Battsolmon said new teachers receive few supplements, while longer-serving and rural teachers benefit more from across-the-board increases. He said applicants are hired without competitive selection because vacancies attract so few candidates. Science teachers can teach more than 30 hours a week, and first-grade textbooks had still not arrived. Battsolmon also said exercise-book packages cost MNT 50,000, beyond the reach of many families in remote districts.
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Heating Cut at Rented Primary-School Sites Over Unpaid Rent
Published: 2026-10-16
Heating was temporarily shut off at two rented facilities used by School No. 32 in Ulaanbaatar’s Khan-Uul District after rent for September and October was not paid, the school’s principal said at an education-budget discussion. The facilities began operating this academic year under an apartment-complex primary-school arrangement and serve more than 900 pupils in grades one through three. Principal Ch. Undarmaa said the school, the only state-owned school in the Zaisan area, has more than 4,000 students in 90 classes, with class sizes exceeding 45. More than 2,000 are primary-school students. She said the landlord reopened heating after discussions, but warned that failure to settle the rent for both buildings could force the school to move to three shifts. The Ministry of Education said it would address the issue.
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School for Visually Impaired Children Seeks New Campus Funding
Published: 2026-10-16
School No. 116, the country’s only school serving students with visual impairments, reported cracks and subsidence in its 62-year-old building and requested funding for a new school and dormitory complex in the 2027 budget. At an education-budget discussion, training manager Uuganchimeg said 70 percent of the school’s students have no vision and 30 percent have limited or residual vision. Students from rural areas and distant districts lack a purpose-built dormitory, so the school’s east wing is used for accommodation, reducing classroom space and contributing to three-shift schedules. The building, constructed in 1964, has no lifts, requiring male teachers to carry wheelchair users between floors. Education Ministry State Secretary T. Nyam-Ochir said dormitory design funding had been included in the 2026 Economic Development Ministry budget, but the contract was not signed before the May 31 deadline and the funds were treated as savings.
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Health
Parliament Extends Tobacco Controls to Vapes and Heated Products
Published: 2026-10-16
Parliament has adopted amendments to the Tobacco Control Law that will take effect on January 1, 2027. The changes bring electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products and conventional cigarettes under a common regulatory framework governing sales, advertising, use, nicotine content and licensing. Electronic cigarettes will face the same tax treatment as conventional cigarettes. Traditional nasal tobacco is subject to different regulation from cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. The law also bars tobacco-product sales within 500 meters of universities, schools and kindergartens. The bill, introduced by 78 members of parliament, passed with 78.6 percent support after extended debate over taxation and restrictions. Lawmakers said the changes are intended to strengthen controls on nicotine-containing products and protect children and adolescents from tobacco use.
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Ulaanbaatar Family Clinics Extend Weekend Hours for Flu Response
Published: 2026-10-16
Ulaanbaatar will keep 150 family health centers and four settlement health centers open from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on October 17, 18, 24 and 25 as influenza activity increases. The city is targeting 29,315 children aged zero to six for flu vaccination, with mobile teams available to vaccinate children at home when families cannot visit a clinic. N. Naranbaatar, head of the Ulaanbaatar Health Department, said children in that age group account for up to 60% of flu cases in the capital and more than 80% of complications and hospital admissions. Citywide flu vaccination coverage has exceeded 90%. Based on the average of the previous three years, officials expect influenza activity to peak between November 19 and 24, when daily medical calls previously rose from 325 to about 1,592.
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School Health Screenings Give 39% of Examined Children a C Rating
Published: 2026-10-16
A school and kindergarten health-screening campaign has examined 118,090 of its planned 291,998 children since October 1 and is scheduled to continue until December 1. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education are screening three-year-olds for autism risk and assessing the mental health of 15-year-olds, alongside age-appropriate examinations for selected school grades. Results classify children from A, indicating no identified health issue, to D, requiring referral-level medical care within one month. So far, 26% of examined children received an A rating, 39% received a C rating requiring a medical visit, and 8% received a D rating. Oral diseases account for most C ratings. D ratings mainly involve physical-development risks, including being markedly overweight, short, or tall for age. The screening includes three-year-olds in kindergartens and students in grades one, six, nine, and 12.
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